diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in
index f078cb68b4..8d9d3c9694 100644
--- a/Makefile.in
+++ b/Makefile.in
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TCC += @TCL_INCLUDE_SPEC@
 
 # The library that programs using TCL must link against.
 #
-LIBTCL = @TCL_LIB_SPEC@ @TCL_LIBS@
+LIBTCL = @TCL_LIB_SPEC@
 
 # Compiler options needed for programs that use the readline() library.
 #
@@ -935,7 +935,6 @@ clean:
 	rm -rf .libs .deps
 	rm -f lemon$(BEXE) lempar.c parse.* sqlite*.tar.gz
 	rm -f mkkeywordhash$(BEXE) keywordhash.h
-	rm -f $(PUBLISH)
 	rm -f *.da *.bb *.bbg gmon.out
 	rm -rf quota2a quota2b quota2c
 	rm -rf tsrc .target_source
diff --git a/Makefile.msc b/Makefile.msc
index 3df86de05e..85b0c902bc 100644
--- a/Makefile.msc
+++ b/Makefile.msc
@@ -845,8 +845,8 @@ sqlite3.exe:	$(TOP)\src\shell.c libsqlite3.lib $(LIBRESOBJS) sqlite3.h
 sqlite3.c:	.target_source $(TOP)\tool\mksqlite3c.tcl
 	$(TCLSH_CMD) $(TOP)\tool\mksqlite3c.tcl
 
-sqlite3-all.c:	sqlite3.c $(TOP)/tool/split-sqlite3c.tcl
-	$(TCLSH_CMD) $(TOP)/tool/split-sqlite3c.tcl
+sqlite3-all.c:	sqlite3.c $(TOP)\tool\split-sqlite3c.tcl
+	$(TCLSH_CMD) $(TOP)\tool\split-sqlite3c.tcl
 
 # Rule to build the amalgamation
 #
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 114d4c5a3c..9d4adacec7 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -879,7 +879,6 @@ TARGET_EXEEXT
 TCL_VERSION
 TCL_BIN_DIR
 TCL_SRC_DIR
-TCL_LIBS
 TCL_INCLUDE_SPEC
 TCL_LIB_FILE
 TCL_LIB_FLAG
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 882c3ccf92..4a7043ede1 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -501,7 +501,6 @@ if test "${use_tcl}" = "yes" ; then
     AC_SUBST(TCL_VERSION)
     AC_SUBST(TCL_BIN_DIR)
     AC_SUBST(TCL_SRC_DIR)
-    AC_SUBST(TCL_LIBS)
     AC_SUBST(TCL_INCLUDE_SPEC)
     
     AC_SUBST(TCL_LIB_FILE)
diff --git a/ext/async/README.txt b/ext/async/README.txt
index 05acffe0df..f62fa2fc17 100644
--- a/ext/async/README.txt
+++ b/ext/async/README.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+NOTE (2012-11-29):
+
+The functionality implemented by this extension has been superseded
+by WAL-mode.  This module is no longer supported or maintained.  The
+code is retained for historical reference only.
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Normally, when SQLite writes to a database file, it waits until the write
 operation is finished before returning control to the calling application.
@@ -161,4 +168,3 @@ the database, eliminating the bottleneck.
 
   The functionality required of each of the above functions is described
   in comments in sqlite3async.c.
-
diff --git a/ext/async/sqlite3async.c b/ext/async/sqlite3async.c
index 0814da7c71..4ab39cac35 100644
--- a/ext/async/sqlite3async.c
+++ b/ext/async/sqlite3async.c
@@ -1510,6 +1510,7 @@ static void asyncWriterThread(void){
       case ASYNC_DELETE:
         ASYNC_TRACE(("DELETE %s\n", p->zBuf));
         rc = pVfs->xDelete(pVfs, p->zBuf, (int)p->iOffset);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
         break;
 
       case ASYNC_OPENEXCLUSIVE: {
diff --git a/ext/async/sqlite3async.h b/ext/async/sqlite3async.h
index 143cdc7703..5b20d7189a 100644
--- a/ext/async/sqlite3async.h
+++ b/ext/async/sqlite3async.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ int sqlite3async_initialize(const char *zParent, int isDefault);
 ** On win32 platforms, this function also releases the small number of 
 ** critical section and event objects created by sqlite3async_initialize().
 */ 
-void sqlite3async_shutdown();
+void sqlite3async_shutdown(void);
 
 /*
 ** This function may only be called when the asynchronous IO VFS is 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void sqlite3async_shutdown();
 ** If multiple simultaneous calls are made to sqlite3async_run() from two
 ** or more threads, then the calls are serialized internally.
 */
-void sqlite3async_run();
+void sqlite3async_run(void);
 
 /*
 ** This function may only be called when the asynchronous IO VFS is 
diff --git a/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c b/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c
index 2cfdd2a66c..bda7fbbe1a 100644
--- a/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c
+++ b/ext/fts3/fts3_write.c
@@ -5253,7 +5253,7 @@ int sqlite3Fts3UpdateMethod(
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
   int isRemove = 0;               /* True for an UPDATE or DELETE */
   u32 *aSzIns = 0;                /* Sizes of inserted documents */
-  u32 *aSzDel;                    /* Sizes of deleted documents */
+  u32 *aSzDel = 0;                /* Sizes of deleted documents */
   int nChng = 0;                  /* Net change in number of documents */
   int bInsertDone = 0;
 
diff --git a/manifest b/manifest
index aba83b00bf..095aea71c6 100644
--- a/manifest
+++ b/manifest
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-C Update\sthe\ssessions\sbranch\sto\sinclude\sthe\sSQLLOG\senhancement,\sthe\nSQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT\sfix,\sand\sa\sfix\sfor\sthe\snumber-of-documents\nbug\sin\sFTS4.
-D 2012-11-27T21:56:28.635
+C Pull\sthe\slatest\strunk\schanges\sinto\sthe\ssessions\sbranch,\sand\sin\sparticular\nthe\scollating-sequence\srefactorization.
+D 2012-12-08T23:37:22.043
 F Makefile.arm-wince-mingw32ce-gcc d6df77f1f48d690bd73162294bbba7f59507c72f
-F Makefile.in 82c41c0ed4cc94dd3cc7d498575b84c57c2c2384
+F Makefile.in 690d441a758cbffd13e814dc2724a721a6ebd400
 F Makefile.linux-gcc 91d710bdc4998cb015f39edf3cb314ec4f4d7e23
-F Makefile.msc 1aba45c2d159c2beb62486e4eaa6e2c96c56dd46
+F Makefile.msc 26fd6e94ef8ed7d8b8c84b96b8347c52485f6d83
 F Makefile.vxworks b18ad88e9a8c6a001f5cf4a389116a4f1a7ab45f
 F README cd04a36fbc7ea56932a4052d7d0b7f09f27c33d6
 F VERSION edab4af5a4623f8198833ea481ce98ab53750a8d
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ F art/sqlite370.jpg d512473dae7e378a67e28ff96a34da7cb331def2
 F config.guess 226d9a188c6196f3033ffc651cbc9dcee1a42977
 F config.h.in 0921066a13130082764ab4ab6456f7b5bebe56de
 F config.sub 9ebe4c3b3dab6431ece34f16828b594fb420da55
-F configure 2f40e28f141c324333498977b01f744fe189462e x
-F configure.ac 6e909664785b8184db2179013cd9d574f96ca3a3
+F configure 20ac96f94269b3e2417b91fac63a9db0eb0a9b15 x
+F configure.ac 81c43d151d0b0e406be056394cc9ff4cb3fd0444
 F contrib/sqlitecon.tcl 210a913ad63f9f991070821e599d600bd913e0ad
 F doc/lemon.html 334dbf6621b8fb8790297ec1abf3cfa4621709d1
 F doc/pager-invariants.txt 27fed9a70ddad2088750c4a2b493b63853da2710
 F doc/vfs-shm.txt e101f27ea02a8387ce46a05be2b1a902a021d37a
 F ext/README.txt 913a7bd3f4837ab14d7e063304181787658b14e1
-F ext/async/README.txt 0c541f418b14b415212264cbaaf51c924ec62e5b
-F ext/async/sqlite3async.c 733a9f21b1066f44ff07b9c0da973b1e483d1e0c
-F ext/async/sqlite3async.h a21e1252deb14a2c211f0e165c4b9122a8f1f344
+F ext/async/README.txt e12275968f6fde133a80e04387d0e839b0c51f91
+F ext/async/sqlite3async.c b5a3e30f538a9ffe81538b3063b4d5963f9bb422
+F ext/async/sqlite3async.h f489b080af7e72aec0e1ee6f1d98ab6cf2e4dcef
 F ext/fts1/README.txt 20ac73b006a70bcfd80069bdaf59214b6cf1db5e
 F ext/fts1/ft_hash.c 3927bd880e65329bdc6f506555b228b28924921b
 F ext/fts1/ft_hash.h 1a35e654a235c2c662d3ca0dfc3138ad60b8b7d5
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ F ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer.h 66dec98e365854b6cd2d54f1a96bb6d428fc5a68
 F ext/fts3/fts3_tokenizer1.c 5c98225a53705e5ee34824087478cf477bdb7004
 F ext/fts3/fts3_unicode.c 49e36e6ba59f79e6bd6a8bfe434570fe48d20559
 F ext/fts3/fts3_unicode2.c a863f05f758af36777dffc2facc898bc73fec896
-F ext/fts3/fts3_write.c a432433a706bd065e8bb0f8b3b33ce7cf9d7f21d
+F ext/fts3/fts3_write.c c2166f7148a4ad8bcdad99a99d647b1091744e6b
 F ext/fts3/fts3speed.tcl b54caf6a18d38174f1a6e84219950d85e98bb1e9
 F ext/fts3/mkfts3amal.tcl 252ecb7fe6467854f2aa237bf2c390b74e71f100
 F ext/fts3/tool/fts3view.c 6cfc5b67a5f0e09c0d698f9fd012c784bfaa9197
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ F sqlite3.1 6be1ad09113570e1fc8dcaff84c9b0b337db5ffc
 F sqlite3.pc.in ae6f59a76e862f5c561eb32a380228a02afc3cad
 F src/alter.c f8db986c03eb0bfb221523fc9bbb9d0b70de3168
 F src/analyze.c 7553068d21e32a57fc33ab6b2393fc8c1ba41410
-F src/attach.c 34c15ecd686e58f08e5bb1389e28a0b65c2c83db
+F src/attach.c ea5247f240e2c08afd608e9beb380814b86655e1
 F src/auth.c 523da7fb4979469955d822ff9298352d6b31de34
 F src/backup.c cab40f2c1fe79d6eb93d3b4086c78c41ad2fa5d0
 F src/bitvec.c 26675fe8e431dc555e6f2d0e11e651d172234aa1
@@ -136,22 +136,22 @@ F src/btmutex.c 976f45a12e37293e32cae0281b15a21d48a8aaa7
 F src/btree.c eccee944cb2221e919d7a855e5928d8643194b14
 F src/btree.h 3ad7964d6c5b1c7bff569aab6adfa075f8bf06cd
 F src/btreeInt.h 4e5c2bd0f9b36b2a815a6d84f771a61a65830621
-F src/build.c f35dac52924a6e8e6346a90f0c195a84e28b6f21
+F src/build.c f4f86c07002c6f3ee96c1e34e0e993a962ef2c73
 F src/callback.c d7e46f40c3cf53c43550b7da7a1d0479910b62cc
 F src/complete.c dc1d136c0feee03c2f7550bafc0d29075e36deac
 F src/ctime.c 72a70dcfda75d3a1f81041ce4573e7afddcd8e4e
 F src/date.c 067a81c9942c497aafd2c260e13add8a7d0c7dd4
 F src/delete.c 9bc9463952bdc9fc43111b1f9c83a0af9b8e2239
-F src/expr.c 3b25a95f3d309403940ba4a3212f197b8b6251d5
+F src/expr.c 0e41d66d868b37dbc0e041c342e0036fad27e705
 F src/fault.c 160a0c015b6c2629d3899ed2daf63d75754a32bb
-F src/fkey.c c82a04e7a92bb728f9ab972b76590403283be2af
-F src/func.c 1755cafdb8f2a291681f1ea55e0215518ebd6e52
+F src/fkey.c dcb7c37a4bf526ded7b24a01a60fe071bcd160a2
+F src/func.c 8147799b048065a1590805be464d05b4913e652c
 F src/global.c e59ecd2c553ad0d4bfbc84ca71231336f8993a7a
 F src/hash.c ac3470bbf1ca4ae4e306a8ecb0fdf1731810ffe4
 F src/hash.h 2894c932d84d9f892d4b4023a75e501f83050970
 F src/hwtime.h d32741c8f4df852c7d959236615444e2b1063b08
-F src/insert.c 6273647b67e27e3f81b7d1fd144307ea726841d0
-F src/journal.c 552839e54d1bf76fb8f7abe51868b66acacf6a0e
+F src/insert.c 36c17b9b97a9287aa8561f138d893ddf2b25d0b2
+F src/journal.c eb7b9f5e783266521bcd9b2b93d419a219411f71
 F src/legacy.c a199d7683d60cef73089e892409113e69c23a99f
 F src/lempar.c cdf0a000315332fc9b50b62f3b5e22e080a0952b
 F src/loadext.c f20382fbaeec832438a1ba7797bee3d3c8a6d51d
@@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ F src/notify.c 976dd0f6171d4588e89e874fcc765e92914b6d30
 F src/os.c e1acdc09ff3ac2412945cca9766e2dcf4675f31c
 F src/os.h 027491c77d2404c0a678bb3fb06286f331eb9b57
 F src/os_common.h 92815ed65f805560b66166e3583470ff94478f04
-F src/os_unix.c b75d9b0876ad3fde151843ad389b4c3dd727c662
-F src/os_win.c 6e55b48f793d0c0d0e086d3f1482a0882530eeeb
-F src/pager.c ed53fe75a269c1d67645fe079ea0f3f0ce6492d5
+F src/os_unix.c ad459bb62eb6f3f6aae26d97b1a28fbac7bf0260
+F src/os_win.c ce1f5db8a7bb4d6f2092b1b2cb9631bec54a6320
+F src/pager.c 4092c907222cfd451c74fe6bd2fd64b342f7190f
 F src/pager.h 1109a06578ec5574dc2c74cf8d9f69daf36fe3e0
-F src/parse.y f29df90bd3adc64b33114ab1de9fb7768fcf2099
+F src/parse.y c2b4a6454ad77299b1443e2c483a560a9f16e724
 F src/pcache.c f8043b433a57aba85384a531e3937a804432a346
 F src/pcache.h 1b5dcc3dc8103d03e625b177023ee67764fa6b7c
 F src/pcache1.c 9fd22671c270b35131ef480bbc00392b8b5f8ab9
@@ -184,19 +184,19 @@ F src/pragma.c 015723c48072781d2740e310ab04dc92956b76d1
 F src/prepare.c 931ad0d852a0df48f79adcba6ce79ca5f475625c
 F src/printf.c 4a9f882f1c1787a8b494a2987765acf9d97ac21f
 F src/random.c cd4a67b3953b88019f8cd4ccd81394a8ddfaba50
-F src/resolve.c 7b986a715ac281643309c29257bb58cfae7aa810
+F src/resolve.c cdd546d62da7763119ea1fa455a898959e03457f
 F src/rowset.c 64655f1a627c9c212d9ab497899e7424a34222e0
-F src/select.c 3a8baf4719f9723b4e0b43f2baa60692d0d921f8
-F src/shell.c 24cd0aa74aff73ea08594629faead564c4c2a286
-F src/sqlite.h.in 36d91c7ca79b9fb35831a0f097f4fcb653819a10
+F src/select.c e6daa524bbdfa98f4abdb8cb281498f0047d3161
+F src/shell.c e392dd1ccbb77cc1d75a8367a89b473c24bea019
+F src/sqlite.h.in 2be63c600ddc118753c6058639b282554d7f759c
 F src/sqlite3.rc fea433eb0a59f4c9393c8e6d76a6e2596b1fe0c0
 F src/sqlite3ext.h 6904f4aadf976f95241311fbffb00823075d9477
-F src/sqliteInt.h 3a67c14ba5f17c33f2f9c551bb03c4c341de0bd4
+F src/sqliteInt.h e08e87a07d3cbbc57423c78f56b334579ef17741
 F src/sqliteLimit.h 164b0e6749d31e0daa1a4589a169d31c0dec7b3d
 F src/status.c bedc37ec1a6bb9399944024d63f4c769971955a9
 F src/table.c 2cd62736f845d82200acfa1287e33feb3c15d62e
 F src/tclsqlite.c 289be7b639406314813219ee7bc043d21f36ab12
-F src/test1.c 936afc02766403e5debca49a1817a780e116df7e
+F src/test1.c f62769c989146149590662ab02de4a813813a9c5
 F src/test2.c 4178056dd1e7d70f954ad8a1e3edb71a2a784daf
 F src/test3.c 3c3c2407fa6ec7a19e24ae23f7cb439d0275a60d
 F src/test4.c bf9fa9bece01de08e6f5e02314e4af5c13590dfa
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ F src/test_intarray.c 07ddcebe4097d400ffca362770f1d883c112387a
 F src/test_intarray.h b999bb18d090b8d9d9c49d36ec37ef8f341fe169
 F src/test_journal.c f5c0a05b7b3d5930db769b5ee6c3766dc2221a64
 F src/test_loadext.c df586c27176e3c2cb2e099c78da67bf14379a56e
-F src/test_malloc.c 01cd65ae7ae93de9fbf8214d1ee6b4eba4850700
+F src/test_malloc.c 6982a357a6a6c24f281b91c89303a5c31075c392
 F src/test_multiplex.c ac0fbc1748e5b86a41a1d7a84654fae0d53a881d
 F src/test_multiplex.h 9b63b95f07acedee425fdfe49a47197c9bf5f9d8
 F src/test_mutex.c a6bd7b9cf6e19d989e31392b06ac8d189f0d573e
@@ -233,27 +233,27 @@ F src/test_rtree.c aba603c949766c4193f1068b91c787f57274e0d9
 F src/test_schema.c 8c06ef9ddb240c7a0fcd31bc221a6a2aade58bf0
 F src/test_server.c 2f99eb2837dfa06a4aacf24af24c6affdf66a84f
 F src/test_spellfix.c 76dd8d3111d2f5354c374f71fa23b752bd0b029c
-F src/test_sqllog.c 7813b47021a6d4e39bb7b1b328a8893dc59885cb
+F src/test_sqllog.c 8acb843ddb9928dea8962e31bb09f421a72ffccb
 F src/test_stat.c d1569c7a4839f13e80187e2c26b2ab4da2d03935
 F src/test_superlock.c 2b97936ca127d13962c3605dbc9a4ef269c424cd
 F src/test_syscall.c a992d8c80ea91fbf21fb2dd570db40e77dd7e6ae
 F src/test_tclvar.c f4dc67d5f780707210d6bb0eb6016a431c04c7fa
 F src/test_thread.c e286f2173563f2a1747c24bcda6b9d030bf4f4e4
 F src/test_vfs.c c6260ef238c1142c8f8bd402db02216afd182ae3
-F src/test_vfstrace.c f60e12754e65c05386aab59db8d2ae086314138d
+F src/test_vfstrace.c 34b544e80ba7fb77be15395a609c669df2e660a2
 F src/test_wholenumber.c 3d2b9ed1505c40ad5c5ca2ad16ae7a289d6cc251
 F src/test_wsd.c 41cadfd9d97fe8e3e4e44f61a4a8ccd6f7ca8fe9
 F src/tokenize.c 1e86210d3976717a19238ea7b047fac481fe8c12
-F src/trigger.c 3f258307040173aff383eb23fb74c44fe829078c
+F src/trigger.c cd95ac64efa60e39faf9b5597443192ff27a22fa
 F src/update.c abb0fcabe551dae0a133fd2a4370b5a8c23b1831
 F src/utf.c 8d819e2e5104a430fc2005f018db14347c95a38f
 F src/util.c 0af2e515dc0dabacec931bca39525f6c3f1c5455
 F src/vacuum.c 2727bdd08847fcb6b2d2da6d14f018910e8645d3
-F src/vdbe.c 640a7e140c7dc0465eff7e515252e434ca77286e
+F src/vdbe.c 85576363e303ffa5dc7d368af4cfd6bfbee96db1
 F src/vdbe.h 1223e2548e0970cf96f573ff6b99f804a36ad683
 F src/vdbeInt.h 2de43968dc47f1961d5bc76aa3cb68eacf433a7c
 F src/vdbeapi.c 58fdcd56109c05876f69c25d47a138ef370d3647
-F src/vdbeaux.c b8f2a0cb28401b7252bdbaba8988f53691909497
+F src/vdbeaux.c 0ce759dca1d1662f45f60a9336bf84b5cd15debf
 F src/vdbeblob.c 11248c6362389569764682eb0f59ce910f3cc381
 F src/vdbemem.c cb55e84b8e2c15704968ee05f0fae25883299b74
 F src/vdbesort.c c61ca318681c0e7267da8be3abfca8469652a7e9
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ F src/vtab.c b05e5f1f4902461ba9f5fc49bb7eb7c3a0741a83
 F src/wal.c f5c7b5027d0ed0e9bc9afeb4a3a8dfea762ec7d2
 F src/wal.h 29c197540b19044e6cd73487017e5e47a1d3dac6
 F src/walker.c 3d75ba73de15e0f8cd0737643badbeb0e002f07b
-F src/where.c 832e33fefbe5ba751c1f5a06e63de98be95e56f2
+F src/where.c 53b991af50dab230b319b098bcb90fc7cd82da47
 F test/8_3_names.test 631ea964a3edb091cf73c3b540f6bcfdb36ce823
 F test/aggerror.test a867e273ef9e3d7919f03ef4f0e8c0d2767944f2
 F test/aggnested.test 45c0201e28045ad38a530b5a144b73cd4aa2cfd6
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ F test/avtrans.test 0252654f4295ddda3b2cce0e894812259e655a85
 F test/backcompat.test ecd841f3a3bfb81518721879cc56a760670e3198
 F test/backup.test c9cdd23a495864b9edf75a9fa66f5cb7e10fcf62
 F test/backup2.test 34986ef926ea522911a51dfdb2f8e99b7b75ebcf
-F test/backup4.test 3c3639d28f3cdb4a123694a0a7c5fa7bfe304e2a
+F test/backup4.test 4d90389daeb781fe718816a4fc836ad1b06791d8
 F test/backup_ioerr.test 40d208bc9224b666ee3ed423f49bc9062a36a9d0
 F test/backup_malloc.test 7162d604ec2b4683c4b3799a48657fb8b5e2d450
 F test/badutf.test d5360fc31f643d37a973ab0d8b4fb85799c3169f
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ F test/capi3e.test f7408dda65c92b9056199fdc180f893015f83dde
 F test/cast.test 4c275cbdc8202d6f9c54a3596701719868ac7dc3
 F test/check.test 193f47ed43a8d29aca12b30cd30ceb105fbe710d
 F test/coalesce.test cee0dccb9fbd2d494b77234bccf9dc6c6786eb91
-F test/collate1.test e3eaa48c21e150814be1a7b852d2a8af24458d04
+F test/collate1.test fd02c4d8afc71879c4bb952586389961a21fb0ce
 F test/collate2.test 04cebe4a033be319d6ddbb3bbc69464e01700b49
 F test/collate3.test d28d2cfab2c3a3d4628ae4b2b7afc9965daa3b4c
 F test/collate4.test d37682293d3c32223dec2e6afdeaf9de18415248
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ F test/descidx1.test 533dcbda614b0463b0ea029527fd27e5a9ab2d66
 F test/descidx2.test 9f1a0c83fd57f8667c82310ca21b30a350888b5d
 F test/descidx3.test fe720e8b37d59f4cef808b0bf4e1b391c2e56b6f
 F test/diskfull.test 106391384780753ea6896b7b4f005d10e9866b6e
-F test/distinct.test c239558222e5ae357aade535bfe61aaabcb00bbf
+F test/distinct.test 84da1414b2e6887fffd5ed571311b344c5b082ce
 F test/distinctagg.test 1a6ef9c87a58669438fc771450d7a72577417376
 F test/e_createtable.test 0a2465736199cb5e084645a8714ee04299b81721
 F test/e_delete.test 89aa84d3d1bd284a0689ede04bce10226a5aeaa5
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ F test/exec.test e949714dc127eaa5ecc7d723efec1ec27118fdd7
 F test/exists.test 8f7b27b61c2fbe5822f0a1f899c715d14e416e30
 F test/expr.test 67c9fd6f8f829e239dc8b0f4a08a73c08b09196d
 F test/fallocate.test b5d34437bd7ab01d41b1464b8117aefd4d32160e
-F test/filectrl.test f0327bd804d9c7bd048fa7a151c5eab8e27df42b
+F test/filectrl.test 14fa712e42c4cb791e09dfd58a6a03efb47ef13a
 F test/filefmt.test ffa17b5aebc3eb4b1e3be1ccb5ee906ffbd97f6e
 F test/fkey1.test 01c7de578e11747e720c2d9aeef27f239853c4da
 F test/fkey2.test 080969fe219b3b082b0e097ac18c6af2e5b0631f
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ F test/insert4.test 87f6798f31d60c4e177622fcc3663367e6ecbd90
 F test/insert5.test 394f96728d1258f406fe5f5aeb0aaf29487c39a6
 F test/instr.test a34e1d46a9eefb098a7167ef0e730a4a3d82fba0
 F test/intarray.test 066b7d7ac38d25bf96f87f1b017bfc687551cdd4
-F test/interrupt.test 42e7cf98646fd9cb4a3b131a93ed3c50b9e149f1
+F test/interrupt.test dfe9a67a94b0b2d8f70545ba1a6cca10780d71cc
 F test/intpkey.test 7af30f6ae852d8d1c2b70e4bf1551946742e92d8
 F test/io.test 36d251507d72e92b965fb2f0801c2f0b56335bcf
 F test/ioerr.test 40bb2cfcab63fb6aa7424cd97812a84bc16b5fb8
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ F test/lookaside.test 93f07bac140c5bb1d49f3892d2684decafdc7af2
 F test/main.test 39c4bb8a157f57298ed1659d6df89d9f35aaf2c8
 F test/make-where7.tcl 05c16b5d4f5d6512881dfec560cb793915932ef9
 F test/malloc.test bc745155ff4252d4f35ec8316625b0dfe2abc659
-F test/malloc3.test de8eca0c3e748878845fdca3663ec4b642073caf
+F test/malloc3.test 3e9eb921c4314acf4fb64230868fdb2e1ce60eea
 F test/malloc4.test 957337613002b7058a85116493a262f679f3a261
 F test/malloc5.test a577cbbcc1594c7763b9b3515b3633555751c7f0
 F test/malloc6.test 2f039d9821927eacae43e1831f815e157659a151
@@ -718,10 +718,10 @@ F test/shared4.test 72d90821e8d2fc918a08f16d32880868d8ee8e9d
 F test/shared6.test 866bb4982c45ce216c61ded5e8fde4e7e2f3ffa9
 F test/shared7.test 960760bc8d03e1419e70dea69cf41db62853616e
 F test/shared8.test b27befbefbe7f4517f1d6b7ff8f64a41ec74165d
-F test/shared9.test 614a3ca431adc73c857632deb4eff75bcaee40ec
-F test/shared_err.test 91e26ec4f3fbe07951967955585137e2f18993de
+F test/shared9.test 5f2a8f79b4d6c7d107a01ffa1ed05ae7e6333e21
+F test/shared_err.test 0079c05c97d88cfa03989b7c20a8b266983087aa
 F test/sharedlock.test ffa0a3c4ac192145b310f1254f8afca4d553eabf
-F test/shell1.test 340125225cc96c7f48d59a869aaf82866e481007
+F test/shell1.test b7896eb84028f3bc8300caf1fc796a73728aad0b
 F test/shell2.test 037d6ad16e873354195d30bb2dc4b5321788154a
 F test/shell3.test 9196c42772d575685e722c92b4b39053c6ebba59
 F test/shell4.test aa4eef8118b412d1a01477a53426ece169ea86a9
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ F test/sqllimits1.test b1aae27cc98eceb845e7f7adf918561256e31298
 F test/stat.test be8d477306006ec696bc86757cfb34bec79447ce
 F test/stmt.test 25d64e3dbf9a3ce89558667d7f39d966fe2a71b9
 F test/subquery.test d4aea23ac267463d4aa604bf937c3992347b20f7
-F test/subquery2.test edcad5c118f0531c2e21bf16a09bbb105252d4cd
+F test/subquery2.test 91e1e364072aeff431d1f9689b15147e421d88c7
 F test/subselect.test d24fd8757daf97dafd2e889c73ea4c4272dcf4e4
 F test/substr.test 18f57c4ca8a598805c4d64e304c418734d843c1a
 F test/superlock.test 1cde669f68d2dd37d6c9bd35eee1d95491ae3fc2
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ F test/tempdb.test 19d0f66e2e3eeffd68661a11c83ba5e6ace9128c
 F test/temptable.test 51edd31c65ed1560dd600b1796e8325df96318e2
 F test/temptrigger.test 26670ed7a39cf2296a7f0a9e0a1d7bdb7abe936d
 F test/tester.tcl ac81733138d2b159f0b7f0379b6509e301f47cd4
-F test/thread001.test 7cc2ce08f9cde95964736d11e91f9ab610f82f91
+F test/thread001.test 9f22fd3525a307ff42a326b6bc7b0465be1745a5
 F test/thread002.test e630504f8a06c00bf8bbe68528774dd96aeb2e58
 F test/thread003.test ee4c9efc3b86a6a2767516a37bd64251272560a7
 F test/thread004.test f51dfc3936184aaf73ee85f315224baad272a87f
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ F test/tkt2686.test 6ee01c9b9e9c48f6d3a1fdd553b1cc4258f903d6
 F test/tkt2767.test 569000d842678f9cf2db7e0d1b27cbc9011381b0
 F test/tkt2817.test f31839e01f4243cff7399ef654d3af3558cb8d8d
 F test/tkt2820.test 39940276b3436d125deb7d8ebeee053e4cf13213
-F test/tkt2822.test a2b27a58df62d1b2e712f91dbe42ad3b7e0e77cc
+F test/tkt2822.test f391776423a7c0d0949edfce375708bfb0f3141e
 F test/tkt2832.test a9b0b74a02dca166a04d9e37739c414b10929caa
 F test/tkt2854.test e432965db29e27e16f539b2ba7f502eb2ccc49af
 F test/tkt2920.test a8737380e4ae6424e00c0273dc12775704efbebf
@@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ F test/trigger8.test 30cb0530bd7c4728055420e3f739aa00412eafa4
 F test/trigger9.test 5b0789f1c5c4600961f8e68511b825b87be53e31
 F test/triggerA.test e0aaba16d3547193d36bbd82a1b0ed75e9c88d40
 F test/triggerB.test 56780c031b454abac2340dbb3b71ac5c56c3d7fe
-F test/triggerC.test 29173df06f8e91bec2b95ea7048b30d1e1c7b9db
+F test/triggerC.test a7b4367392c755bc5fd5fff88011753e6b6afe90
 F test/triggerD.test 8e7f3921a92a5797d472732108109e44575fa650
 F test/tt3_checkpoint.c 415eccce672d681b297485fc20f44cdf0eac93af
 F test/types.test bf816ce73c7dfcfe26b700c19f97ef4050d194ff
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ F test/vacuum4.test d3f8ecff345f166911568f397d2432c16d2867d9
 F test/varint.test ab7b110089a08b9926ed7390e7e97bdefeb74102
 F test/veryquick.test 7701bb609fe8bf6535514e8b849a309e8f00573b
 F test/view.test b182a67ec43f490b156b5a710827a341be83dd17
-F test/vtab1.test 10fb9e656fe4b318cd82ff1616a340acc01aac4b
+F test/vtab1.test 36c9935e4be3b6350b31b6b697561b6fc3ab349a
 F test/vtab2.test 7bcffc050da5c68f4f312e49e443063e2d391c0d
 F test/vtab3.test baad99fd27217f5d6db10660522e0b7192446de1
 F test/vtab4.test 942f8b8280b3ea8a41dae20e7822d065ca1cb275
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ F test/wal5.test f58ed4b8b542f71c7441da12fbd769d99b362437
 F test/wal6.test 2e3bc767d9c2ce35c47106148d43fcbd072a93b3
 F test/wal7.test 2ae8f427d240099cc4b2dfef63cff44e2a68a1bd
 F test/wal8.test b3ee739fe8f7586aaebdc2367f477ebcf3e3b034
-F test/wal9.test 48c40803faf6849515c81213697e9f3376835981
+F test/wal9.test 378e76a9ad09cd9bee06c172ad3547b0129a6750
 F test/wal_common.tcl a98f17fba96206122eff624db0ab13ec377be4fe
 F test/walbak.test b9f68e39646375c2b877be906babcc15d38b4877
 F test/walbig.test f437473a16cfb314867c6b5d1dbcd519e73e3434
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ F test/walro.test a31deb621033442a76c3a61e44929250d06f81b1
 F test/walshared.test 6dda2293880c300baf5d791c307f653094585761
 F test/walslow.test e7be6d9888f83aa5d3d3c7c08aa9b5c28b93609a
 F test/walthread.test de8dbaf6d9e41481c460ba31ca61e163d7348f8e
-F test/where.test 41b65069a227a61238c1387b050f029480ca5677
+F test/where.test 9714e6f292d70c22e78e1cecb3d896457186b9b7
 F test/where2.test 43d4becaf5a5df854e6c21d624a1cb84c6904554
 F test/where3.test 667e75642102c97a00bf9b23d3cb267db321d006
 F test/where4.test e9b9e2f2f98f00379e6031db6a6fca29bae782a2
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ F tool/vdbe-compress.tcl f12c884766bd14277f4fcedcae07078011717381
 F tool/warnings-clang.sh f6aa929dc20ef1f856af04a730772f59283631d4
 F tool/warnings.sh fbc018d67fd7395f440c28f33ef0f94420226381
 F tool/win/sqlite.vsix 97894c2790eda7b5bce3cc79cb2a8ec2fde9b3ac
-P 2993ca20207f8dac02f58d01e31d68c84328356a f0843f885ab3337f83fe3b304aab80bb7b5dd0a3
-R 4a1915adbe009074546a4e2d976a205c
+P ba8d08b67021a32fda069c18b7eb93523e6f0d1f 92c9ab56b1c67b9468bec57ab1d2c483a69a2810
+R f06c7a4e8d9fd6f22d929caa0d8aff12
 U drh
-Z 7494d16bf0eedbea369965ccf52a8519
+Z 66550b6aeab54597acd3e06f02611eed
diff --git a/manifest.uuid b/manifest.uuid
index e7e9d26c85..d2764ecec2 100644
--- a/manifest.uuid
+++ b/manifest.uuid
@@ -1 +1 @@
-ba8d08b67021a32fda069c18b7eb93523e6f0d1f
\ No newline at end of file
+4f6d69ae94671df92b976525f75404c01270fef9
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/attach.c b/src/attach.c
index 3e045aa366..6682c91475 100644
--- a/src/attach.c
+++ b/src/attach.c
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ int sqlite3FixSrcList(
          pFix->zType, pFix->pName, pItem->zDatabase);
       return 1;
     }
-    sqlite3_free(pItem->zDatabase);
+    sqlite3DbFree(pFix->pParse->db, pItem->zDatabase);
     pItem->zDatabase = 0;
     pItem->pSchema = pFix->pSchema;
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
diff --git a/src/build.c b/src/build.c
index 4c45a92727..c21f0172a9 100644
--- a/src/build.c
+++ b/src/build.c
@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ void sqlite3FinishCoding(Parse *pParse){
   sqlite3 *db;
   Vdbe *v;
 
+  assert( pParse->pToplevel==0 );
   db = pParse->db;
   if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
   if( pParse->nested ) return;
@@ -2690,10 +2691,8 @@ Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
   for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
     Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
     if( pExpr ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-      /* Either pColl!=0 or there was an OOM failure.  But if an OOM
-      ** failure we have quit before reaching this point. */
-      if( ALWAYS(pColl) ){
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
+      if( pColl ){
         nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pColl->zName));
       }
     }
@@ -2756,6 +2755,7 @@ Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
     const char *zColName = pListItem->zName;
     Column *pTabCol;
     int requestedSortOrder;
+    CollSeq *pColl;                /* Collating sequence */
     char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */
 
     for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
@@ -2768,14 +2768,11 @@ Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
     pIndex->aiColumn[i] = j;
-    /* Justification of the ALWAYS(pListItem->pExpr->pColl):  Because of
-    ** the way the "idxlist" non-terminal is constructed by the parser,
-    ** if pListItem->pExpr is not null then either pListItem->pExpr->pColl
-    ** must exist or else there must have been an OOM error.  But if there
-    ** was an OOM error, we would never reach this point. */
-    if( pListItem->pExpr && ALWAYS(pListItem->pExpr->pColl) ){
+    if( pListItem->pExpr
+     && (pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pListItem->pExpr))!=0
+    ){
       int nColl;
-      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->pColl->zName;
+      zColl = pColl->zName;
       nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
       assert( nExtra>=nColl );
       memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
@@ -3589,6 +3586,15 @@ int sqlite3OpenTempDatabase(Parse *pParse){
 void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse *pParse, int iDb){
   Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+  if( pToplevel!=pParse ){
+    /* This branch is taken if a trigger is currently being coded. In this
+    ** case, set cookieGoto to a non-zero value to show that this function
+    ** has been called. This is used by the sqlite3ExprCodeConstants()
+    ** function. */
+    pParse->cookieGoto = -1;
+  }
+#endif
   if( pToplevel->cookieGoto==0 ){
     Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pToplevel);
     if( v==0 ) return;  /* This only happens if there was a prior error */
diff --git a/src/expr.c b/src/expr.c
index ae828489a6..9ca34ec7b7 100644
--- a/src/expr.c
+++ b/src/expr.c
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@
 ** SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (select a from t1);
 */
 char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
-  int op = pExpr->op;
+  int op;
+  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
+  op = pExpr->op;
   if( op==TK_SELECT ){
     assert( pExpr->flags&EP_xIsSelect );
     return sqlite3ExprAffinity(pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->a[0].pExpr);
@@ -56,66 +58,94 @@ char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr){
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the explicit collating sequence for an expression to the
-** collating sequence supplied in the second argument.
+** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
+** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to a new Expr node that
+** implements the COLLATE operator.
+**
+** If a memory allocation error occurs, that fact is recorded in pParse->db
+** and the pExpr parameter is returned unchanged.
 */
-Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Expr *pExpr, CollSeq *pColl){
-  if( pExpr && pColl ){
-    pExpr->pColl = pColl;
-    pExpr->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
+Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
+  if( pCollName->n>0 ){
+    Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_COLLATE, pCollName, 1);
+    if( pNew ){
+      pNew->pLeft = pExpr;
+      pNew->flags |= EP_Collate;
+      pExpr = pNew;
+    }
+  }
+  return pExpr;
+}
+Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, const char *zC){
+  Token s;
+  assert( zC!=0 );
+  s.z = zC;
+  s.n = sqlite3Strlen30(s.z);
+  return sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, pExpr, &s);
+}
+
+/*
+** Skip over any TK_COLLATE and/or TK_AS operators at the root of
+** an expression.
+*/
+Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr *pExpr){
+  while( pExpr && (pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE || pExpr->op==TK_AS) ){
+    pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
   }
   return pExpr;
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the collating sequence for expression pExpr to be the collating
-** sequence named by pToken.   Return a pointer to the revised expression.
-** The collating sequence is marked as "explicit" using the EP_ExpCollate
-** flag.  An explicit collating sequence will override implicit
-** collating sequences.
-*/
-Expr *sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, Token *pCollName){
-  char *zColl = 0;            /* Dequoted name of collation sequence */
-  CollSeq *pColl;
-  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-  zColl = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pCollName);
-  pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, zColl);
-  sqlite3ExprSetColl(pExpr, pColl);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, zColl);
-  return pExpr;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the default collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
-** there is no default collation type, return 0.
+** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
+** there is no defined collating sequence, return NULL.
+**
+** The collating sequence might be determined by a COLLATE operator
+** or by the presence of a column with a defined collating sequence.
+** COLLATE operators take first precedence.  Left operands take
+** precedence over right operands.
 */
 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   CollSeq *pColl = 0;
   Expr *p = pExpr;
   while( p ){
-    int op;
-    pColl = p->pColl;
-    if( pColl ) break;
-    op = p->op;
-    if( p->pTab!=0 && (
-        op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_TRIGGER
-    )){
-      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
-      ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
-      const char *zColl;
-      int j = p->iColumn;
-      if( j>=0 ){
-        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-        zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
-        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
-        pExpr->pColl = pColl;
+    int op = p->op;
+    if( op==TK_CAST || op==TK_UPLUS ){
+      p = p->pLeft;
+      continue;
+    }
+    assert( op!=TK_REGISTER || p->op2!=TK_COLLATE );
+    if( op==TK_COLLATE ){
+      if( db->init.busy ){
+        /* Do not report errors when parsing while the schema */
+        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), p->u.zToken, 0);
+      }else{
+        pColl = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), 0, p->u.zToken);
       }
       break;
     }
-    if( op!=TK_CAST && op!=TK_UPLUS ){
+    if( p->pTab!=0
+     && (op==TK_AGG_COLUMN || op==TK_COLUMN
+          || op==TK_REGISTER || op==TK_TRIGGER)
+    ){
+      /* op==TK_REGISTER && p->pTab!=0 happens when pExpr was originally
+      ** a TK_COLUMN but was previously evaluated and cached in a register */
+      int j = p->iColumn;
+      if( j>=0 ){
+        const char *zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
+        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    if( p->flags & EP_Collate ){
+      if( ALWAYS(p->pLeft) && (p->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
+        p = p->pLeft;
+      }else{
+        p = p->pRight;
+      }
+    }else{
       break;
     }
-    p = p->pLeft;
   }
   if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
     pColl = 0;
@@ -219,12 +249,10 @@ CollSeq *sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(
 ){
   CollSeq *pColl;
   assert( pLeft );
-  if( pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    assert( pLeft->pColl );
-    pColl = pLeft->pColl;
-  }else if( pRight && pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    assert( pRight->pColl );
-    pColl = pRight->pColl;
+  if( pLeft->flags & EP_Collate ){
+    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pLeft);
+  }else if( pRight && (pRight->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
+    pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pRight);
   }else{
     pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pLeft);
     if( !pColl ){
@@ -454,17 +482,11 @@ void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(
   }else{
     if( pRight ){
       pRoot->pRight = pRight;
-      if( pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-        pRoot->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-        pRoot->pColl = pRight->pColl;
-      }
+      pRoot->flags |= EP_Collate & pRight->flags;
     }
     if( pLeft ){
       pRoot->pLeft = pLeft;
-      if( pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-        pRoot->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-        pRoot->pColl = pLeft->pColl;
-      }
+      pRoot->flags |= EP_Collate & pLeft->flags;
     }
     exprSetHeight(pRoot);
   }
@@ -722,7 +744,7 @@ static int dupedExprStructSize(Expr *p, int flags){
     assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_FromJoin) ); 
     assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_MallocedToken)==0 );
     assert( (p->flags2 & EP2_Irreducible)==0 );
-    if( p->pLeft || p->pRight || p->pColl || p->x.pList ){
+    if( p->pLeft || p->pRight || p->x.pList ){
       nSize = EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE | EP_Reduced;
     }else{
       nSize = EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE | EP_TokenOnly;
@@ -2746,6 +2768,7 @@ int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r4);
       break;
     }
+    case TK_COLLATE: 
     case TK_UPLUS: {
       inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, target);
       break;
@@ -3115,6 +3138,12 @@ void sqlite3ExplainExpr(Vdbe *pOut, Expr *pExpr){
     case TK_ISNULL:  zUniOp = "ISNULL"; break;
     case TK_NOTNULL: zUniOp = "NOTNULL"; break;
 
+    case TK_COLLATE: {
+      sqlite3ExplainExpr(pOut, pExpr->pLeft);
+      sqlite3ExplainPrintf(pOut,".COLLATE(%s)",pExpr->u.zToken);
+      break;
+    }
+
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
     case TK_CONST_FUNC:
     case TK_FUNCTION: {
@@ -3333,6 +3362,9 @@ static int evalConstExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
     case TK_REGISTER: {
       return WRC_Prune;
     }
+    case TK_COLLATE: {
+      return WRC_Continue;
+    }
     case TK_FUNCTION:
     case TK_AGG_FUNCTION:
     case TK_CONST_FUNC: {
@@ -3354,9 +3386,11 @@ static int evalConstExpr(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
   }
   if( isAppropriateForFactoring(pExpr) ){
     int r1 = ++pParse->nMem;
-    int r2;
-    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
-    if( NEVER(r1!=r2) ) sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+    int r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
+    /* If r2!=r1, it means that register r1 is never used.  That is harmless
+    ** but suboptimal, so we want to know about the situation to fix it.
+    ** Hence the following assert: */
+    assert( r2==r1 );
     pExpr->op2 = pExpr->op;
     pExpr->op = TK_REGISTER;
     pExpr->iTable = r2;
@@ -3773,7 +3807,15 @@ int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB){
     return 2;
   }
   if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
-  if( pA->op!=pB->op ) return 2;
+  if( pA->op!=pB->op ){
+    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB)<2 ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA, pB->pLeft)<2 ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 2;
+  }
   if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft) ) return 2;
   if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pRight, pB->pRight) ) return 2;
   if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pA->x.pList, pB->x.pList) ) return 2;
@@ -3785,11 +3827,9 @@ int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB){
   }else if( pA->op!=TK_COLUMN && ALWAYS(pA->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN) && pA->u.zToken){
     if( ExprHasProperty(pB, EP_IntValue) || NEVER(pB->u.zToken==0) ) return 2;
     if( strcmp(pA->u.zToken,pB->u.zToken)!=0 ){
-      return 2;
+      return pA->op==TK_COLLATE ? 1 : 2;
     }
   }
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_ExpCollate)!=(pB->flags & EP_ExpCollate) ) return 1;
-  if( (pA->flags & EP_ExpCollate)!=0 && pA->pColl!=pB->pColl ) return 2;
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/fkey.c b/src/fkey.c
index a3214a94da..2d01e2524b 100644
--- a/src/fkey.c
+++ b/src/fkey.c
@@ -511,12 +511,15 @@ static void fkScanChildren(
       ** expression to the parent key column defaults.  */
       if( pIdx ){
         Column *pCol;
+        const char *zColl;
         iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
         pCol = &pTab->aCol[iCol];
         if( pTab->iPKey==iCol ) iCol = -1;
         pLeft->iTable = regData+iCol+1;
         pLeft->affinity = pCol->affinity;
-        pLeft->pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, pCol->zColl);
+        zColl = pCol->zColl;
+        if( zColl==0 ) zColl = db->pDfltColl->zName;
+        pLeft = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pLeft, zColl);
       }else{
         pLeft->iTable = regData;
         pLeft->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
diff --git a/src/func.c b/src/func.c
index c7af7d679c..d4655ad7e9 100644
--- a/src/func.c
+++ b/src/func.c
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ static void instrFunc(
   int N = 1;
   int isText;
 
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
   typeHaystack = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]);
   typeNeedle = sqlite3_value_type(argv[1]);
   if( typeHaystack==SQLITE_NULL || typeNeedle==SQLITE_NULL ) return;
diff --git a/src/insert.c b/src/insert.c
index 3950dbd3b6..806792aef4 100644
--- a/src/insert.c
+++ b/src/insert.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void sqlite3OpenTable(
   int opcode      /* OP_OpenRead or OP_OpenWrite */
 ){
   Vdbe *v;
-  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return;
+  assert( !IsVirtual(pTab) );
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(p);
   assert( opcode==OP_OpenWrite || opcode==OP_OpenRead );
   sqlite3TableLock(p, iDb, pTab->tnum, (opcode==OP_OpenWrite)?1:0, pTab->zName);
@@ -1274,25 +1274,20 @@ void sqlite3GenerateConstraintChecks(
     onError = overrideError!=OE_Default ? overrideError : OE_Abort;
     for(i=0; i<pCheck->nExpr; i++){
       int allOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      Expr *pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCheck->a[i].pExpr, 0);
-      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        assert( pDup!=0 );
-        sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pDup, allOk, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-        if( onError==OE_Ignore ){
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
+      sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[i].pExpr, allOk, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      if( onError==OE_Ignore ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, ignoreDest);
+      }else{
+        char *zConsName = pCheck->a[i].zName;
+        if( onError==OE_Replace ) onError = OE_Abort; /* IMP: R-15569-63625 */
+        if( zConsName ){
+          zConsName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "constraint %s failed", zConsName);
         }else{
-          char *zConsName = pCheck->a[i].zName;
-          if( onError==OE_Replace ) onError = OE_Abort; /* IMP: R-15569-63625 */
-          if( zConsName ){
-            zConsName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "constraint %s failed", zConsName);
-          }else{
-            zConsName = 0;
-          }
-          sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, onError, zConsName, P4_DYNAMIC);
+          zConsName = 0;
         }
-        sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
+        sqlite3HaltConstraint(pParse, onError, zConsName, P4_DYNAMIC);
       }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pDup);
+      sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
     }
   }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
diff --git a/src/journal.c b/src/journal.c
index 2f9e222089..06605cc956 100644
--- a/src/journal.c
+++ b/src/journal.c
@@ -228,6 +228,16 @@ int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *p){
   return createFile((JournalFile *)p);
 }
 
+/*
+** The file-handle passed as the only argument is guaranteed to be an open
+** file. It may or may not be of class JournalFile. If the file is a
+** JournalFile, and the underlying file on disk has not yet been opened,
+** return 0. Otherwise, return 1.
+*/
+int sqlite3JournalExists(sqlite3_file *p){
+  return (p->pMethods!=&JournalFileMethods || ((JournalFile *)p)->pReal!=0);
+}
+
 /* 
 ** Return the number of bytes required to store a JournalFile that uses vfs
 ** pVfs to create the underlying on-disk files.
diff --git a/src/os_unix.c b/src/os_unix.c
index a3a012126b..315f150188 100644
--- a/src/os_unix.c
+++ b/src/os_unix.c
@@ -3581,6 +3581,9 @@ static void unixModeBit(unixFile *pFile, unsigned char mask, int *pArg){
   }
 }
 
+/* Forward declaration */
+static int unixGetTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf);
+
 /*
 ** Information and control of an open file handle.
 */
@@ -3618,6 +3621,14 @@ static int unixFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       *(char**)pArg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", pFile->pVfs->zName);
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: {
+      char *zTFile = sqlite3_malloc( pFile->pVfs->mxPathname );
+      if( zTFile ){
+        unixGetTempname(pFile->pVfs->mxPathname, zTFile);
+        *(char**)pArg = zTFile;
+      }
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     /* The pager calls this method to signal that it has done
     ** a rollback and that the database is therefore unchanged and
diff --git a/src/os_win.c b/src/os_win.c
index 6f49257705..107370c41b 100644
--- a/src/os_win.c
+++ b/src/os_win.c
@@ -2691,6 +2691,9 @@ static void winModeBit(winFile *pFile, unsigned char mask, int *pArg){
   }
 }
 
+/* Forward declaration */
+static int getTempname(int nBuf, char *zBuf);
+
 /*
 ** Control and query of the open file handle.
 */
@@ -2751,6 +2754,14 @@ static int winFileControl(sqlite3_file *id, int op, void *pArg){
       }
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: {
+      char *zTFile = sqlite3_malloc( pFile->pVfs->mxPathname );
+      if( zTFile ){
+        getTempname(pFile->pVfs->mxPathname, zTFile);
+        *(char**)pArg = zTFile;
+      }
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
   }
   return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
 }
diff --git a/src/pager.c b/src/pager.c
index 7c039e7a76..5879cf760a 100644
--- a/src/pager.c
+++ b/src/pager.c
@@ -1941,12 +1941,13 @@ static int pager_end_transaction(Pager *pPager, int hasMaster){
       ** file should be closed and deleted. If this connection writes to
       ** the database file, it will do so using an in-memory journal. 
       */
+      int bDelete = (!pPager->tempFile && sqlite3JournalExists(pPager->jfd));
       assert( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE 
            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_MEMORY 
            || pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL 
       );
       sqlite3OsClose(pPager->jfd);
-      if( !pPager->tempFile ){
+      if( bDelete ){
         rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zJournal, 0);
       }
     }
@@ -3485,7 +3486,7 @@ void sqlite3PagerSetBusyhandler(
     void **ap = (void **)&pPager->xBusyHandler;
     assert( ((int(*)(void *))(ap[0]))==xBusyHandler );
     assert( ap[1]==pBusyHandlerArg );
-    sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER, (void *)ap);
+    sqlite3OsFileControlHint(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER, (void *)ap);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/parse.y b/src/parse.y
index 94433d5391..0bfe823d45 100644
--- a/src/parse.y
+++ b/src/parse.y
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ expr(A) ::= VARIABLE(X).     {
   spanSet(&A, &X, &X);
 }
 expr(A) ::= expr(E) COLLATE ids(C). {
-  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, E.pExpr, &C);
+  A.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, E.pExpr, &C);
   A.zStart = E.zStart;
   A.zEnd = &C.z[C.n];
 }
@@ -1140,22 +1140,14 @@ uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}
 idxlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
 idxlist_opt(A) ::= LP idxlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
 idxlist(A) ::= idxlist(X) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {
-  Expr *p = 0;
-  if( C.n>0 ){
-    p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_COLUMN, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &C);
-  }
+  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, 0, &C);
   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X, p);
   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse,A,&Y,1);
   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
   if( A ) A->a[A->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)Z;
 }
 idxlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
-  Expr *p = 0;
-  if( C.n>0 ){
-    p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(pParse, p, &C);
-  }
+  Expr *p = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, 0, &C);
   A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, p);
   sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &Y, 1);
   sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, A, "index");
diff --git a/src/resolve.c b/src/resolve.c
index 0ffc633558..51aab7792b 100644
--- a/src/resolve.c
+++ b/src/resolve.c
@@ -68,6 +68,15 @@ static void incrAggFunctionDepth(Expr *pExpr, int N){
 ** from the result in the result-set.  We might fix this someday.  Or
 ** then again, we might not...
 **
+** If the reference is followed by a COLLATE operator, then make sure
+** the COLLATE operator is preserved.  For example:
+**
+**     SELECT a+b, c+d FROM t1 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE nocase;
+**
+** Should be transformed into:
+**
+**     SELECT a+b, c+d FROM t1 ORDER BY (a+b) COLLATE nocase;
+**
 ** The nSubquery parameter specifies how many levels of subquery the
 ** alias is removed from the original expression.  The usually value is
 ** zero but it might be more if the alias is contained within a subquery
@@ -91,8 +100,9 @@ static void resolveAlias(
   assert( pOrig!=0 );
   assert( pOrig->flags & EP_Resolved );
   db = pParse->db;
+  pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
+  if( pDup==0 ) return;
   if( pOrig->op!=TK_COLUMN && zType[0]!='G' ){
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
     incrAggFunctionDepth(pDup, nSubquery);
     pDup = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_AS, pDup, 0, 0);
     if( pDup==0 ) return;
@@ -100,32 +110,26 @@ static void resolveAlias(
       pEList->a[iCol].iAlias = (u16)(++pParse->nAlias);
     }
     pDup->iTable = pEList->a[iCol].iAlias;
-  }else if( ExprHasProperty(pOrig, EP_IntValue) || pOrig->u.zToken==0 ){
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
-    if( pDup==0 ) return;
-  }else{
-    char *zToken = pOrig->u.zToken;
-    assert( zToken!=0 );
-    pOrig->u.zToken = 0;
-    pDup = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrig, 0);
-    pOrig->u.zToken = zToken;
-    if( pDup==0 ) return;
-    assert( (pDup->flags & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
-    pDup->flags2 |= EP2_MallocedToken;
-    pDup->u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zToken);
   }
-  if( pExpr->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-    pDup->pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-    pDup->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
+    pDup = sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pDup, pExpr->u.zToken);
   }
 
   /* Before calling sqlite3ExprDelete(), set the EP_Static flag. This 
   ** prevents ExprDelete() from deleting the Expr structure itself,
   ** allowing it to be repopulated by the memcpy() on the following line.
+  ** The pExpr->u.zToken might point into memory that will be freed by the
+  ** sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup) on the last line of this block, so be sure to
+  ** make a copy of the token before doing the sqlite3DbFree().
   */
   ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Static);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
   memcpy(pExpr, pDup, sizeof(*pExpr));
+  if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_IntValue) && pExpr->u.zToken!=0 ){
+    assert( (pExpr->flags & (EP_Reduced|EP_TokenOnly))==0 );
+    pExpr->u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pExpr->u.zToken);
+    pExpr->flags2 |= EP2_MallocedToken;
+  }
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pDup);
 }
 
@@ -812,7 +816,7 @@ static int resolveCompoundOrderBy(
       int iCol = -1;
       Expr *pE, *pDup;
       if( pItem->done ) continue;
-      pE = pItem->pExpr;
+      pE = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pItem->pExpr);
       if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
         if( iCol<=0 || iCol>pEList->nExpr ){
           resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, "ORDER", i+1, pEList->nExpr);
@@ -830,14 +834,20 @@ static int resolveCompoundOrderBy(
         }
       }
       if( iCol>0 ){
-        CollSeq *pColl = pE->pColl;
-        int flags = pE->flags & EP_ExpCollate;
+        /* Convert the ORDER BY term into an integer column number iCol,
+        ** taking care to preserve the COLLATE clause if it exists */
+        Expr *pNew = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
+        if( pNew==0 ) return 1;
+        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+        pNew->u.iValue = iCol;
+        if( pItem->pExpr==pE ){
+          pItem->pExpr = pNew;
+        }else{
+          assert( pItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE );
+          assert( pItem->pExpr->pLeft==pE );
+          pItem->pExpr->pLeft = pNew;
+        }
         sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pE);
-        pItem->pExpr = pE = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_INTEGER, 0);
-        if( pE==0 ) return 1;
-        pE->pColl = pColl;
-        pE->flags |= EP_IntValue | flags;
-        pE->u.iValue = iCol;
         pItem->iOrderByCol = (u16)iCol;
         pItem->done = 1;
       }else{
@@ -942,11 +952,11 @@ static int resolveOrderGroupBy(
       pItem->iOrderByCol = (u16)iCol;
       continue;
     }
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pE, &iCol) ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pE), &iCol) ){
       /* The ORDER BY term is an integer constant.  Again, set the column
       ** number so that sqlite3ResolveOrderGroupBy() will convert the
       ** order-by term to a copy of the result-set expression */
-      if( iCol<1 ){
+      if( iCol<1 || iCol>0xffff ){
         resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, nResult);
         return 1;
       }
diff --git a/src/select.c b/src/select.c
index cba766f99d..a90877dc61 100644
--- a/src/select.c
+++ b/src/select.c
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ static int selectColumnsFromExprList(
   for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol; i++, pCol++){
     /* Get an appropriate name for the column
     */
-    p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
+    p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
     assert( p->pRight==0 || ExprHasProperty(p->pRight, EP_IntValue)
                || p->pRight->u.zToken==0 || p->pRight->u.zToken[0]!=0 );
     if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
@@ -2333,12 +2333,13 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
       for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
         CollSeq *pColl;
         Expr *pTerm = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
-        if( pTerm->flags & EP_ExpCollate ){
-          pColl = pTerm->pColl;
+        if( pTerm->flags & EP_Collate ){
+          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pTerm);
         }else{
           pColl = multiSelectCollSeq(pParse, p, aPermute[i]);
-          pTerm->flags |= EP_ExpCollate;
-          pTerm->pColl = pColl;
+          if( pColl==0 ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
+          pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr =
+             sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(pParse, pTerm, pColl->zName);
         }
         pKeyMerge->aColl[i] = pColl;
         pKeyMerge->aSortOrder[i] = pOrderBy->a[i].sortOrder;
@@ -2541,6 +2542,7 @@ static int multiSelectOrderBy(
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Permutation, 0, 0, 0, (char*)aPermute, P4_INTARRAY);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Compare, destA.iSdst, destB.iSdst, nOrderBy,
                          (char*)pKeyMerge, P4_KEYINFO_HANDOFF);
+  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_PERMUTE);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrAltB, addrAeqB, addrAgtB);
 
   /* Release temporary registers
@@ -2608,9 +2610,6 @@ static Expr *substExpr(
       assert( pEList!=0 && pExpr->iColumn<pEList->nExpr );
       assert( pExpr->pLeft==0 && pExpr->pRight==0 );
       pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pEList->a[pExpr->iColumn].pExpr, 0);
-      if( pNew && pExpr->pColl ){
-        pNew->pColl = pExpr->pColl;
-      }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
       pExpr = pNew;
     }
@@ -3950,6 +3949,15 @@ int sqlite3Select(
       int addrEof;
       pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
       addrEof = ++pParse->nMem;
+      /* Before coding the OP_Goto to jump to the start of the main routine,
+      ** ensure that the jump to the verify-schema routine has already
+      ** been coded. Otherwise, the verify-schema would likely be coded as 
+      ** part of the co-routine. If the main routine then accessed the 
+      ** database before invoking the co-routine for the first time (for 
+      ** example to initialize a LIMIT register from a sub-select), it would 
+      ** be doing so without having verified the schema version and obtained 
+      ** the required db locks. See ticket d6b36be38.  */
+      sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(pParse, -1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto);
       addrTop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_OpenPseudo, pItem->iCursor);
       sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
diff --git a/src/shell.c b/src/shell.c
index adb8165434..7dd741b2d7 100644
--- a/src/shell.c
+++ b/src/shell.c
@@ -541,6 +541,9 @@ static void output_c_string(FILE *out, const char *z){
     if( c=='\\' ){
       fputc(c, out);
       fputc(c, out);
+    }else if( c=='"' ){
+      fputc('\\', out);
+      fputc('"', out);
     }else if( c=='\t' ){
       fputc('\\', out);
       fputc('t', out);
@@ -796,14 +799,14 @@ static int shell_callback(void *pArg, int nArg, char **azArg, char **azCol, int
       if( p->cnt++==0 && p->showHeader ){
         for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
           output_c_string(p->out,azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
-          fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
+          if(i<nArg-1) fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
         }
         fprintf(p->out,"\n");
       }
       if( azArg==0 ) break;
       for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
         output_c_string(p->out, azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullvalue);
-        fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
+        if(i<nArg-1) fprintf(p->out, "%s", p->separator);
       }
       fprintf(p->out,"\n");
       break;
@@ -2018,6 +2021,7 @@ static int do_meta_command(char *zLine, struct callback_data *p){
       p->mode = MODE_Html;
     }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"tcl",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Tcl;
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, " ");
     }else if( n2==3 && strncmp(azArg[1],"csv",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Csv;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->separator), p->separator, ",");
@@ -2711,7 +2715,7 @@ static int process_input(struct callback_data *p, FILE *in){
     free(zSql);
   }
   free(zLine);
-  return errCnt;
+  return errCnt>0;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/sqlite.h.in b/src/sqlite.h.in
index 95fb0190b9..f07e225b47 100644
--- a/src/sqlite.h.in
+++ b/src/sqlite.h.in
@@ -852,7 +852,6 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
-** </ul>
 **
 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
 ** ^This file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
@@ -864,6 +863,16 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
 ** current operation.
+**
+** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
+** ^Application can invoke this file-control to have SQLite generate a
+** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
+** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
+** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
+** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
+** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
+**
+** </ul>
 */
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE             2
@@ -880,6 +889,7 @@ struct sqlite3_io_methods {
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
+#define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
diff --git a/src/sqliteInt.h b/src/sqliteInt.h
index c3085ffd81..5e1d2d75c8 100644
--- a/src/sqliteInt.h
+++ b/src/sqliteInt.h
@@ -1158,19 +1158,7 @@ struct Column {
 ** structure. Conceptually, a collating sequence consists of a name and
 ** a comparison routine that defines the order of that sequence.
 **
-** There may two separate implementations of the collation function, one
-** that processes text in UTF-8 encoding (CollSeq.xCmp) and another that
-** processes text encoded in UTF-16 (CollSeq.xCmp16), using the machine
-** native byte order. When a collation sequence is invoked, SQLite selects
-** the version that will require the least expensive encoding
-** translations, if any.
-**
-** The CollSeq.pUser member variable is an extra parameter that passed in
-** as the first argument to the UTF-8 comparison function, xCmp.
-** CollSeq.pUser16 is the equivalent for the UTF-16 comparison function,
-** xCmp16.
-**
-** If both CollSeq.xCmp and CollSeq.xCmp16 are NULL, it means that the
+** If CollSeq.xCmp is NULL, it means that the
 ** collating sequence is undefined.  Indices built on an undefined
 ** collating sequence may not be read or written.
 */
@@ -1698,7 +1686,6 @@ struct Expr {
     ExprList *pList;     /* Function arguments or in "<expr> IN (<expr-list)" */
     Select *pSelect;     /* Used for sub-selects and "<expr> IN (<select>)" */
   } x;
-  CollSeq *pColl;        /* The collation type of the column or 0 */
 
   /* If the EP_Reduced flag is set in the Expr.flags mask, then no
   ** space is allocated for the fields below this point. An attempt to
@@ -1734,7 +1721,7 @@ struct Expr {
 #define EP_VarSelect  0x0020  /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
 #define EP_DblQuoted  0x0040  /* token.z was originally in "..." */
 #define EP_InfixFunc  0x0080  /* True for an infix function: LIKE, GLOB, etc */
-#define EP_ExpCollate 0x0100  /* Collating sequence specified explicitly */
+#define EP_Collate    0x0100  /* Tree contains a TK_COLLATE opeartor */
 #define EP_FixedDest  0x0200  /* Result needed in a specific register */
 #define EP_IntValue   0x0400  /* Integer value contained in u.iValue */
 #define EP_xIsSelect  0x0800  /* x.pSelect is valid (otherwise x.pList is) */
@@ -2355,6 +2342,7 @@ struct AuthContext {
 #define OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG     0x80    /* OP_Column only used for typeof() */
 #define OPFLAG_BULKCSR       0x01    /* OP_Open** used to open bulk cursor */
 #define OPFLAG_P2ISREG       0x02    /* P2 to OP_Open** is a register number */
+#define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
 
 /*
  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
@@ -3046,8 +3034,9 @@ int sqlite3ReadSchema(Parse *pParse);
 CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
 CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
 CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
-Expr *sqlite3ExprSetColl(Expr*, CollSeq*);
-Expr *sqlite3ExprSetCollByToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, Token*);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
+Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
 int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *, CollSeq *);
 int sqlite3CheckObjectName(Parse *, const char *);
 void sqlite3VdbeSetChanges(sqlite3 *, int);
@@ -3265,8 +3254,10 @@ int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *, Expr *, int*);
   int sqlite3JournalOpen(sqlite3_vfs *, const char *, sqlite3_file *, int, int);
   int sqlite3JournalSize(sqlite3_vfs *);
   int sqlite3JournalCreate(sqlite3_file *);
+  int sqlite3JournalExists(sqlite3_file *p);
 #else
   #define sqlite3JournalSize(pVfs) ((pVfs)->szOsFile)
+  #define sqlite3JournalExists(p) 1
 #endif
 
 void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
diff --git a/src/test1.c b/src/test1.c
index e7a2242210..bb8d186c12 100644
--- a/src/test1.c
+++ b/src/test1.c
@@ -5321,6 +5321,38 @@ static int file_control_vfsname(
   return TCL_OK;  
 }
 
+/*
+** tclcmd:   file_control_tempfilename DB ?AUXDB?
+**
+** Return a string that is a temporary filename
+*/
+static int file_control_tempfilename(
+  ClientData clientData, /* Pointer to sqlite3_enable_XXX function */
+  Tcl_Interp *interp,    /* The TCL interpreter that invoked this command */
+  int objc,              /* Number of arguments */
+  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]  /* Command arguments */
+){
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  const char *zDbName = "main";
+  char *zTName = 0;
+
+  if( objc!=2 && objc!=3 ){
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "wrong # args: should be \"",
+        Tcl_GetStringFromObj(objv[0], 0), " DB ?AUXDB?", 0);
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ){
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+  if( objc==3 ){
+    zDbName = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
+  }
+  sqlite3_file_control(db, zDbName, SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, (void*)&zTName);
+  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, zTName, (char*)0);
+  sqlite3_free(zTName);
+  return TCL_OK;  
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** tclcmd:   sqlite3_vfs_list
@@ -6150,6 +6182,7 @@ int Sqlitetest1_Init(Tcl_Interp *interp){
      { "file_control_persist_wal",    file_control_persist_wal,     0   },
      { "file_control_powersafe_overwrite",file_control_powersafe_overwrite,0},
      { "file_control_vfsname",        file_control_vfsname,         0   },
+     { "file_control_tempfilename",   file_control_tempfilename,    0   },
      { "sqlite3_vfs_list",           vfs_list,     0   },
      { "sqlite3_create_function_v2", test_create_function_v2, 0 },
 
diff --git a/src/test_malloc.c b/src/test_malloc.c
index e1420de648..33de859d27 100644
--- a/src/test_malloc.c
+++ b/src/test_malloc.c
@@ -720,8 +720,8 @@ static int test_memdebug_settitle(
 #ifdef SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
   {
     const char *zTitle;
-    zTitle = Tcl_GetString(objv[1]);
     extern int sqlite3MemdebugSettitle(const char*);
+    zTitle = Tcl_GetString(objv[1]);
     sqlite3MemdebugSettitle(zTitle);
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/src/test_sqllog.c b/src/test_sqllog.c
index 49569a39fb..7cb570bcf2 100644
--- a/src/test_sqllog.c
+++ b/src/test_sqllog.c
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ static void testSqllogStmt(struct SLConn *p, const char *zSql){
 ** The SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG callback registered by sqlite3_init_sqllog().
 */
 static void testSqllog(void *pCtx, sqlite3 *db, const char *zSql, int eType){
-  struct SLConn *p;
+  struct SLConn *p = 0;
   sqlite3_mutex *master = sqlite3_mutex_alloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER);
 
   assert( eType==0 || eType==1 || eType==2 );
diff --git a/src/test_vfstrace.c b/src/test_vfstrace.c
index d2f7455e3d..0aacc01fe4 100644
--- a/src/test_vfstrace.c
+++ b/src/test_vfstrace.c
@@ -475,6 +475,7 @@ static int vfstraceFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL:  zOp = "PERSIST_WAL";        break;
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE:    zOp = "OVERWRITE";          break;
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME:      zOp = "VFSNAME";            break;
+    case SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME: zOp = "TEMPFILENAME";       break;
     case 0xca093fa0:                zOp = "DB_UNCHANGED";       break;
     case SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA: {
       const char *const* a = (const char*const*)pArg;
@@ -496,7 +497,8 @@ static int vfstraceFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
     *(char**)pArg = sqlite3_mprintf("vfstrace.%s/%z",
                                     pInfo->zVfsName, *(char**)pArg);
   }
-  if( op==SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA && rc==SQLITE_OK && *(char**)pArg ){
+  if( (op==SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA || op==SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME)
+   && rc==SQLITE_OK && *(char**)pArg ){
     vfstrace_printf(pInfo, "%s.xFileControl(%s,%s) returns %s",
                     pInfo->zVfsName, p->zFName, zOp, *(char**)pArg);
   }
diff --git a/src/trigger.c b/src/trigger.c
index 8985ec6eb8..f1ff766e20 100644
--- a/src/trigger.c
+++ b/src/trigger.c
@@ -729,6 +729,15 @@ static int codeTriggerProgram(
     */
     pParse->eOrconf = (orconf==OE_Default)?pStep->orconf:(u8)orconf;
 
+    /* Clear the cookieGoto flag. When coding triggers, the cookieGoto 
+    ** variable is used as a flag to indicate to sqlite3ExprCodeConstants()
+    ** that it is not safe to refactor constants (this happens after the
+    ** start of the first loop in the SQL statement is coded - at that 
+    ** point code may be conditionally executed, so it is no longer safe to 
+    ** initialize constant register values).  */
+    assert( pParse->cookieGoto==0 || pParse->cookieGoto==-1 );
+    pParse->cookieGoto = 0;
+
     switch( pStep->op ){
       case TK_UPDATE: {
         sqlite3Update(pParse, 
diff --git a/src/vdbe.c b/src/vdbe.c
index 497564b55c..df81303864 100644
--- a/src/vdbe.c
+++ b/src/vdbe.c
@@ -432,7 +432,9 @@ void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf){
 ** Print the value of a register for tracing purposes:
 */
 static void memTracePrint(FILE *out, Mem *p){
-  if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
+  if( p->flags & MEM_Invalid ){
+    fprintf(out, " undefined");
+  }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
     fprintf(out, " NULL");
   }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
     fprintf(out, " si:%lld", p->u.i);
@@ -1087,6 +1089,9 @@ case OP_Copy: {
   while( 1 ){
     sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(pOut, pIn1, MEM_Ephem);
     Deephemeralize(pOut);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    pOut->pScopyFrom = 0;
+#endif
     REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+pOp->p3-n, pOut);
     if( (n--)==0 ) break;
     pOut++;
@@ -1897,9 +1902,9 @@ case OP_Ge: {             /* same as TK_GE, jump, in1, in3 */
 ** Set the permutation used by the OP_Compare operator to be the array
 ** of integers in P4.
 **
-** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Permutation, OP_Compare,
-** OP_Halt, or OP_ResultRow.  Typically the OP_Permutation should occur
-** immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
+** The permutation is only valid until the next OP_Compare that has
+** the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set in P5. Typically the OP_Permutation should 
+** occur immediately prior to the OP_Compare.
 */
 case OP_Permutation: {
   assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INTARRAY );
@@ -1908,12 +1913,17 @@ case OP_Permutation: {
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 *
+/* Opcode: Compare P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 **
 ** Compare two vectors of registers in reg(P1)..reg(P1+P3-1) (call this
 ** vector "A") and in reg(P2)..reg(P2+P3-1) ("B").  Save the result of
 ** the comparison for use by the next OP_Jump instruct.
 **
+** If P5 has the OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit set, then the order of comparison is
+** determined by the most recent OP_Permutation operator.  If the
+** OPFLAG_PERMUTE bit is clear, then register are compared in sequential
+** order.
+**
 ** P4 is a KeyInfo structure that defines collating sequences and sort
 ** orders for the comparison.  The permutation applies to registers
 ** only.  The KeyInfo elements are used sequentially.
@@ -1932,6 +1942,7 @@ case OP_Compare: {
   CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use on this term */
   int bRev;          /* True for DESCENDING sort order */
 
+  if( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_PERMUTE)==0 ) aPermute = 0;
   n = pOp->p3;
   pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
   assert( n>0 );
@@ -3310,7 +3321,7 @@ case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: OpenSorter P1 P2 * P4 *
+/* Opcode: SorterOpen P1 P2 * P4 *
 **
 ** This opcode works like OP_OpenEphemeral except that it opens
 ** a transient index that is specifically designed to sort large
diff --git a/src/vdbeaux.c b/src/vdbeaux.c
index 7170f982e4..ab83e953ec 100644
--- a/src/vdbeaux.c
+++ b/src/vdbeaux.c
@@ -724,6 +724,7 @@ void sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(Vdbe *p, int addr, const char *zP4, int n){
     addr = p->nOp - 1;
   }
   pOp = &p->aOp[addr];
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_NOTUSED || pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
   freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
   pOp->p4.p = 0;
   if( n==P4_INT32 ){
@@ -866,22 +867,18 @@ static char *displayP4(Op *pOp, char *zTemp, int nTemp){
       i = sqlite3Strlen30(zTemp);
       for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nField; j++){
         CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
-        if( pColl ){
-          int n = sqlite3Strlen30(pColl->zName);
-          if( i+n>nTemp-6 ){
-            memcpy(&zTemp[i],",...",4);
-            break;
-          }
-          zTemp[i++] = ',';
-          if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ){
-            zTemp[i++] = '-';
-          }
-          memcpy(&zTemp[i], pColl->zName,n+1);
-          i += n;
-        }else if( i+4<nTemp-6 ){
-          memcpy(&zTemp[i],",nil",4);
-          i += 4;
+        const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "nil";
+        int n = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl);
+        if( i+n>nTemp-6 ){
+          memcpy(&zTemp[i],",...",4);
+          break;
         }
+        zTemp[i++] = ',';
+        if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[j] ){
+          zTemp[i++] = '-';
+        }
+        memcpy(&zTemp[i], zColl, n+1);
+        i += n;
       }
       zTemp[i++] = ')';
       zTemp[i] = 0;
@@ -2482,7 +2479,7 @@ void sqlite3VdbeClearObject(sqlite3 *db, Vdbe *p){
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zSql);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pFree);
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_TREE_EXPLAIN)
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zExplain);
+  sqlite3_free(p->zExplain);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, p->pExplain);
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/src/where.c b/src/where.c
index 20bd90979e..98369db6d2 100644
--- a/src/where.c
+++ b/src/where.c
@@ -563,23 +563,32 @@ static int allowedOp(int op){
 ** Commute a comparison operator.  Expressions of the form "X op Y"
 ** are converted into "Y op X".
 **
-** If a collation sequence is associated with either the left or right
+** If left/right precendence rules come into play when determining the
+** collating
 ** side of the comparison, it remains associated with the same side after
 ** the commutation. So "Y collate NOCASE op X" becomes 
-** "X collate NOCASE op Y". This is because any collation sequence on
+** "X op Y". This is because any collation sequence on
 ** the left hand side of a comparison overrides any collation sequence 
-** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_ExpCollate flag
+** attached to the right. For the same reason the EP_Collate flag
 ** is not commuted.
 */
 static void exprCommute(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
-  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_ExpCollate);
-  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_ExpCollate);
+  u16 expRight = (pExpr->pRight->flags & EP_Collate);
+  u16 expLeft = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate);
   assert( allowedOp(pExpr->op) && pExpr->op!=TK_IN );
-  pExpr->pRight->pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
-  pExpr->pLeft->pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-  SWAP(CollSeq*,pExpr->pRight->pColl,pExpr->pLeft->pColl);
-  pExpr->pRight->flags = (pExpr->pRight->flags & ~EP_ExpCollate) | expLeft;
-  pExpr->pLeft->flags = (pExpr->pLeft->flags & ~EP_ExpCollate) | expRight;
+  if( expRight==expLeft ){
+    /* Either X and Y both have COLLATE operator or neither do */
+    if( expRight ){
+      /* Both X and Y have COLLATE operators.  Make sure X is always
+      ** used by clearing the EP_Collate flag from Y. */
+      pExpr->pRight->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
+    }else if( sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft)!=0 ){
+      /* Neither X nor Y have COLLATE operators, but X has a non-default
+      ** collating sequence.  So add the EP_Collate marker on X to cause
+      ** it to be searched first. */
+      pExpr->pLeft->flags |= EP_Collate;
+    }
+  }
   SWAP(Expr*,pExpr->pRight,pExpr->pLeft);
   if( pExpr->op>=TK_GT ){
     assert( TK_LT==TK_GT+2 );
@@ -656,12 +665,12 @@ static WhereTerm *findTerm(
           */
           assert(pX->pLeft);
           pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
-          assert(pColl || pParse->nErr);
+          if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
   
           for(j=0; pIdx->aiColumn[j]!=iColumn; j++){
             if( NEVER(j>=pIdx->nColumn) ) return 0;
           }
-          if( pColl && sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIdx->azColl[j]) ) continue;
+          if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIdx->azColl[j]) ) continue;
         }
         return pTerm;
       }
@@ -1179,7 +1188,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
   }
   pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
   pMaskSet = pWC->pMaskSet;
-  pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
+  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pTerm->pExpr);
   prereqLeft = exprTableUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pLeft);
   op = pExpr->op;
   if( op==TK_IN ){
@@ -1206,8 +1215,8 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
   pTerm->iParent = -1;
   pTerm->eOperator = 0;
   if( allowedOp(op) && (pTerm->prereqRight & prereqLeft)==0 ){
-    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
-    Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
+    Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pLeft);
+    Expr *pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr->pRight);
     if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN ){
       pTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
       pTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
@@ -1235,7 +1244,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
         pNew = pTerm;
       }
       exprCommute(pParse, pDup);
-      pLeft = pDup->pLeft;
+      pLeft = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDup->pLeft);
       pNew->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
       pNew->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
       testcase( (prereqLeft | extraRight) != prereqLeft );
@@ -1314,7 +1323,7 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
     Expr *pNewExpr2;
     int idxNew1;
     int idxNew2;
-    CollSeq *pColl;    /* Collating sequence to use */
+    Token sCollSeqName;  /* Name of collating sequence */
 
     pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
     pStr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStr1, 0);
@@ -1336,16 +1345,19 @@ static void exprAnalyze(
       }
       *pC = c + 1;
     }
-    pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, noCase ? "NOCASE" : "BINARY",0);
+    sCollSeqName.z = noCase ? "NOCASE" : "BINARY";
+    sCollSeqName.n = 6;
+    pNewExpr1 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
     pNewExpr1 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_GE, 
-                     sqlite3ExprSetColl(sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0), pColl),
-                     pStr1, 0);
+           sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse,pNewExpr1,&sCollSeqName),
+           pStr1, 0);
     idxNew1 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr1, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
     testcase( idxNew1==0 );
     exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew1);
+    pNewExpr2 = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pLeft, 0);
     pNewExpr2 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LT,
-                     sqlite3ExprSetColl(sqlite3ExprDup(db,pLeft,0), pColl),
-                     pStr2, 0);
+           sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse,pNewExpr2,&sCollSeqName),
+           pStr2, 0);
     idxNew2 = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr2, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
     testcase( idxNew2==0 );
     exprAnalyze(pSrc, pWC, idxNew2);
@@ -1463,12 +1475,12 @@ static int findIndexCol(
   const char *zColl = pIdx->azColl[iCol];
 
   for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p = pList->a[i].pExpr;
+    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[i].pExpr);
     if( p->op==TK_COLUMN
      && p->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[iCol]
      && p->iTable==iBase
     ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p);
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
       if( ALWAYS(pColl) && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
         return i;
       }
@@ -1515,7 +1527,7 @@ static int isDistinctIndex(
   */
   for(i=0; i<pDistinct->nExpr; i++){
     WhereTerm *pTerm;
-    Expr *p = pDistinct->a[i].pExpr;
+    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDistinct->a[i].pExpr);
     if( p->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0;
     pTerm = findTerm(pWC, p->iTable, p->iColumn, ~(Bitmask)0, WO_EQ, 0);
     if( pTerm ){
@@ -1567,7 +1579,7 @@ static int isDistinctRedundant(
   ** current SELECT is a correlated sub-query.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pDistinct->nExpr; i++){
-    Expr *p = pDistinct->a[i].pExpr;
+    Expr *p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pDistinct->a[i].pExpr);
     if( p->op==TK_COLUMN && p->iTable==iBase && p->iColumn<0 ) return 1;
   }
 
@@ -2853,7 +2865,7 @@ static int isSortingIndex(
     /* If the next term of the ORDER BY clause refers to anything other than
     ** a column in the "base" table, then this index will not be of any
     ** further use in handling the ORDER BY. */
-    pOBExpr = pOBItem->pExpr;
+    pOBExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pOBItem->pExpr);
     if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN || pOBExpr->iTable!=base ){
       break;
     }
@@ -2879,7 +2891,7 @@ static int isSortingIndex(
     ** clause entry.  Set isMatch to 1 if they both match. */
     if( pOBExpr->iColumn==iColumn ){
       if( zColl ){
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pOBExpr);
+        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pOBItem->pExpr);
         if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
         isMatch = sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl)==0;
       }else{
@@ -3020,6 +3032,11 @@ static void bestBtreeIndex(WhereBestIdx *p){
   tRowcnt aiRowEstPk[2];      /* The aiRowEst[] value for the sPk index */
   int aiColumnPk = -1;        /* The aColumn[] value for the sPk index */
   int wsFlagMask;             /* Allowed flags in p->cost.plan.wsFlag */
+  int nPriorSat;              /* ORDER BY terms satisfied by outer loops */
+  int nOrderBy;               /* Number of ORDER BY terms */
+  char bSortInit;             /* Initializer for bSort in inner loop */
+  char bDistInit;             /* Initializer for bDist in inner loop */
+
 
   /* Initialize the cost to a worst-case value */
   memset(&p->cost, 0, sizeof(p->cost));
@@ -3069,6 +3086,17 @@ static void bestBtreeIndex(WhereBestIdx *p){
     pIdx = 0;
   }
 
+  nOrderBy = p->pOrderBy ? p->pOrderBy->nExpr : 0;
+  if( p->i ){
+    nPriorSat = p->aLevel[p->i-1].plan.nOBSat;
+    bSortInit = nPriorSat<nOrderBy;
+    bDistInit = 0;
+  }else{
+    nPriorSat = 0;
+    bSortInit = nOrderBy>0;
+    bDistInit = p->pDistinct!=0;
+  }
+
   /* Loop over all indices looking for the best one to use
   */
   for(; pProbe; pIdx=pProbe=pProbe->pNext){
@@ -3146,11 +3174,9 @@ static void bestBtreeIndex(WhereBestIdx *p){
     int nInMul = 1;               /* Number of distinct equalities to lookup */
     double rangeDiv = (double)1;  /* Estimated reduction in search space */
     int nBound = 0;               /* Number of range constraints seen */
-    int bSort;                    /* True if external sort required */
-    int bDist;                    /* True if index cannot help with DISTINCT */
-    int bLookup = 0;              /* True if not a covering index */
-    int nPriorSat;                /* ORDER BY terms satisfied by outer loops */
-    int nOrderBy;                 /* Number of ORDER BY terms */
+    char bSort = bSortInit;       /* True if external sort required */
+    char bDist = bDistInit;       /* True if index cannot help with DISTINCT */
+    char bLookup = 0;             /* True if not a covering index */
     WhereTerm *pTerm;             /* A single term of the WHERE clause */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3
     WhereTerm *pFirstTerm = 0;    /* First term matching the index */
@@ -3161,16 +3187,7 @@ static void bestBtreeIndex(WhereBestIdx *p){
       pSrc->pTab->zName, (pIdx ? pIdx->zName : "ipk")
     ));
     memset(&pc, 0, sizeof(pc));
-    nOrderBy = p->pOrderBy ? p->pOrderBy->nExpr : 0;
-    if( p->i ){
-      nPriorSat = pc.plan.nOBSat = p->aLevel[p->i-1].plan.nOBSat;
-      bSort = nPriorSat<nOrderBy;
-      bDist = 0;
-    }else{
-      nPriorSat = pc.plan.nOBSat = 0;
-      bSort = nOrderBy>0;
-      bDist = p->pDistinct!=0;
-    }
+    pc.plan.nOBSat = nPriorSat;
 
     /* Determine the values of pc.plan.nEq and nInMul */
     for(pc.plan.nEq=0; pc.plan.nEq<pProbe->nColumn; pc.plan.nEq++){
@@ -5257,6 +5274,8 @@ WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(
       const char *pVTab = (const char *)sqlite3GetVTable(db, pTab);
       int iCur = pTabItem->iCursor;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_VOpen, iCur, 0, 0, pVTab, P4_VTAB);
+    }else if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+      /* noop */
     }else
 #endif
     if( (pLevel->plan.wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0
diff --git a/test/backup4.test b/test/backup4.test
index 629718a750..a1a7735528 100644
--- a/test/backup4.test
+++ b/test/backup4.test
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@ do_execsql_test 2.1 {
   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
 }
-
-do_test 2.2 { file size test.db } 3072
+do_test 2.2 { file size test.db } [expr $AUTOVACUUM ? 4096 : 3072]
 
 do_test 2.3 {
   sqlite3 db1 test.db2
@@ -90,8 +89,7 @@ do_execsql_test 3.1 {
   CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
 }
-
-do_test 3.2 { file size test.db } 12288
+do_test 3.2 { file size test.db } [expr $AUTOVACUUM ? 16384 : 12288]
 
 do_test 3.3 {
   sqlite3 db1 test.db2
diff --git a/test/collate1.test b/test/collate1.test
index ac2c75be38..b493ee8f1c 100644
--- a/test/collate1.test
+++ b/test/collate1.test
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ do_test collate1-1.1 {
   }
 } {{} 0x119 0x2D}
 do_test collate1-1.2 {
+breakpoint
   execsql {
     SELECT c2 FROM collate1t1 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE hex;
   }
diff --git a/test/distinct.test b/test/distinct.test
index 0d32628ef3..fcbe4e6cbc 100644
--- a/test/distinct.test
+++ b/test/distinct.test
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ foreach {tn sql temptables res} {
   6   "b FROM t1"                                          {hash}  {b B}
   7   "a FROM t1"                                          {}      {A a}
   8   "b COLLATE nocase FROM t1"                           {}      {b}
-  9   "b COLLATE nocase FROM t1 ORDER BY b COLLATE nocase" {}      {B}
+  9   "b COLLATE nocase FROM t1 ORDER BY b COLLATE nocase" {}      {b}
 } {
   do_execsql_test    2.$tn.1 "SELECT DISTINCT $sql" $res
   do_temptables_test 2.$tn.2 "SELECT DISTINCT $sql" $temptables
diff --git a/test/filectrl.test b/test/filectrl.test
index 1e4ec59853..1d878bf968 100644
--- a/test/filectrl.test
+++ b/test/filectrl.test
@@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ do_test filectrl-1.5 {
   sqlite3 db test_control_lockproxy.db
   file_control_lockproxy_test db [get_pwd]
 } {}
+do_test filectrl-1.6 {
+  sqlite3 db test.db
+  set fn [file_control_tempfilename db]
+  puts -nonewline \[$fn\]
+  set fn
+} {/etilqs_/}
 db close
 forcedelete .test_control_lockproxy.db-conch test.proxy
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/interrupt.test b/test/interrupt.test
index b311cbb48a..92ab4c3265 100644
--- a/test/interrupt.test
+++ b/test/interrupt.test
@@ -166,6 +166,8 @@ for {set i 1} {$i<$max_count-5} {incr i 1} {
   } {1 interrupted}
 }
 
+if {0} {  # This doesn't work anymore since the collation factor is
+          # no longer called during schema parsing.
 # Interrupt during parsing
 #
 do_test interrupt-5.1 {
@@ -179,5 +181,5 @@ do_test interrupt-5.1 {
     CREATE INDEX fake ON fake1(a COLLATE fake_collation, b, c DESC);
   }
 } {1 interrupt}
-
+}
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/malloc3.test b/test/malloc3.test
index 2dfde466a0..04f7d32c30 100644
--- a/test/malloc3.test
+++ b/test/malloc3.test
@@ -27,6 +27,24 @@ if {!$MEMDEBUG} {
    return
 }
 
+
+# Do not run these tests with an in-memory journal.
+#
+# In the pager layer, if an IO or OOM error occurs during a ROLLBACK, or
+# when flushing a page to disk due to cache-stress, the pager enters an
+# "error state". The only way out of the error state is to unlock the
+# database file and end the transaction, leaving whatever journal and
+# database files happen to be on disk in place. The next time the current
+# (or any other) connection opens a read transaction, hot-journal rollback
+# is performed if necessary.
+#
+# Of course, this doesn't work with an in-memory journal.
+#
+if {[permutation]=="inmemory_journal"} {
+  finish_test
+  return
+}
+
 #--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # NOTES ON RECOVERING FROM A MALLOC FAILURE
 # 
@@ -147,6 +165,7 @@ if {!$MEMDEBUG} {
 # ::run_test_script. At the end of this file, the proc [run_test] is used
 # to execute the program (and all test cases contained therein).
 #
+set ::run_test_sql_id 0
 set ::run_test_script [list]
 proc TEST {id t} {lappend ::run_test_script -test [list $id $t]}
 proc PREP {p} {lappend ::run_test_script -prep [string trim $p]}
@@ -162,13 +181,14 @@ proc DEBUG {s} {lappend ::run_test_script -debug $s}
 # transaction only.
 #
 proc SQL  {a1 {a2 ""}} {
-  # An SQL primitive parameter is a list of two elements, a boolean value
-  # indicating if the statement may cause transaction rollback when malloc()
-  # fails, and the sql statement itself.
+  # An SQL primitive parameter is a list of three elements, an id, a boolean
+  # value indicating if the statement may cause transaction rollback when
+  # malloc() fails, and the sql statement itself.
+  set id [incr ::run_test_sql_id]
   if {$a2 == ""} {
-    lappend ::run_test_script -sql [list true [string trim $a1]]
+    lappend ::run_test_script -sql [list $id true [string trim $a1]]
   } else {
-    lappend ::run_test_script -sql [list false [string trim $a2]]
+    lappend ::run_test_script -sql [list $id false [string trim $a2]]
   }
 }
 
@@ -258,7 +278,7 @@ TEST 5 {
 set sql {
   BEGIN;DELETE FROM abc;
 }
-for {set i 1} {$i < 15} {incr i} {
+for {set i 1} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
   set a $i
   set b "String value $i"
   set c [string repeat X $i]
@@ -529,12 +549,13 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
   }
 
   for {set i 0} {$i < $pcstart} {incr i} {
-    set k2 [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $i]]
-    set v2 [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $i + 1]]
+    set k2 [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $i}]]
+    set v2 [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $i + 1}]]
     set ac [sqlite3_get_autocommit $::DB]        ;# Auto-Commit
     switch -- $k2 {
-      -sql  {db eval [lindex $v2 1]}
+      -sql  {db eval [lindex $v2 2]}
       -prep {db eval $v2}
+      -debug {eval $v2}
     }
     set nac [sqlite3_get_autocommit $::DB]       ;# New Auto-Commit 
     if {$ac && !$nac} {set begin_pc $i}
@@ -545,25 +566,31 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
   set iFail $iFailStart
   set pc $pcstart
   while {$pc*2 < [llength $arglist]} {
+    # Fetch the current instruction type and payload.
+    set k [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $pc}]]
+    set v [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $pc + 1}]]
 
     # Id of this iteration:
-    set k [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $pc]]
     set iterid "pc=$pc.iFail=$iFail$k"
-    set v [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $pc + 1]]
 
     switch -- $k {
 
       -test { 
         foreach {id script} $v {}
+        set testid "malloc3-(test $id).$iterid"
+        eval $script
         incr pc
       }
 
       -sql {
         set ::rollback_hook_count 0
 
+        set id [lindex $v 0]
+        set testid "malloc3-(integrity $id).$iterid"
+
         set ac [sqlite3_get_autocommit $::DB]        ;# Auto-Commit
         sqlite3_memdebug_fail $iFail -repeat 0
-        set rc [catch {db eval [lindex $v 1]} msg]   ;# True error occurs
+        set rc [catch {db eval [lindex $v 2]} msg]   ;# True error occurs
         set nac [sqlite3_get_autocommit $::DB]       ;# New Auto-Commit 
 
         if {$rc != 0 && $nac && !$ac} {
@@ -571,7 +598,7 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
           # is set. Since an error occured we assume this was not a
           # commit - therefore a rollback occured. Check that the
           # rollback-hook was invoked.
-          do_test malloc3-rollback_hook.$iterid {
+          do_test malloc3-rollback_hook_count.$iterid {
             set ::rollback_hook_count
           } {1}
         }
@@ -582,8 +609,9 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
             # calls should be equal to the number of benign failures.
             # Otherwise a malloc() failed and the error was not reported.
             # 
-            if {$nFail!=$nBenign} {
-              error "Unreported malloc() failure"
+            set expr {$nFail!=$nBenign}
+            if {[expr $expr]} {
+              error "Unreported malloc() failure, test \"$testid\", $expr"
             }
 
             if {$ac && !$nac} {
@@ -595,24 +623,23 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
 
             incr pc
             set iFail 1
-            integrity_check "malloc3-(integrity).$iterid"
+            integrity_check $testid
         } elseif {[regexp {.*out of memory} $msg] || [db errorcode] == 3082} {
             # Out of memory error, as expected.
             #
-            integrity_check "malloc3-(integrity).$iterid"
+            integrity_check $testid
             incr iFail
             if {$nac && !$ac} {
-
-              if {![lindex $v 0] && [db errorcode] != 3082} {
-                # error "Statement \"[lindex $v 1]\" caused a rollback"
+              if {![lindex $v 1] && [db errorcode] != 3082} {
+                # error "Statement \"[lindex $v 2]\" caused a rollback"
               }
 
               for {set i $begin_pc} {$i < $pc} {incr i} {
-                set k2 [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $i]]
-                set v2 [lindex $arglist [expr 2 * $i + 1]]
+                set k2 [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $i}]]
+                set v2 [lindex $arglist [expr {2 * $i + 1}]]
                 set catchupsql ""
                 switch -- $k2 {
-                  -sql  {set catchupsql [lindex $v2 1]}
+                  -sql  {set catchupsql [lindex $v2 2]}
                   -prep {set catchupsql $v2}
                 }
                 db eval $catchupsql
@@ -622,7 +649,8 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
             error $msg
         }
 
-        while {[lindex $arglist [expr 2 * ($pc -1)]] == "-test"} {
+        # back up to the previous "-test" block.
+        while {[lindex $arglist [expr {2 * ($pc - 1)}]] == "-test"} {
           incr pc -1
         }
       }
@@ -642,7 +670,7 @@ proc run_test {arglist iRepeat {pcstart 0} {iFailStart 1}} {
   }
 }
 
-# Turn of the Tcl interface's prepared statement caching facility. Then
+# Turn off the Tcl interface's prepared statement caching facility. Then
 # run the tests with "persistent" malloc failures.
 sqlite3_extended_result_codes db 1
 db cache size 0
diff --git a/test/shared9.test b/test/shared9.test
index 4ebdc1743d..1982a593e3 100644
--- a/test/shared9.test
+++ b/test/shared9.test
@@ -136,6 +136,30 @@ do_test 2.4 {
   set ::invoked_mycollate_db1
 } {0}
 
+forcedelete test.db test.db2
+sqlite3 db1 test.db
+sqlite3 db2 test.db
+db1 collate mycollate mycollate_db1
+db2 collate mycollate mycollate_db2
+
+do_test 2.13 {
+  set ::invoked_mycollate_db1 0
+  db1 eval {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, CHECK (a COLLATE mycollate IN ('one', 'two', 'three')));
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('one');
+  }
+  db1 close
+  set ::invoked_mycollate_db1
+} {1}
+do_test 2.14 {
+  set ::invoked_mycollate_db1 0
+  db2 eval {
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('two');
+  }
+  db2 close
+  set ::invoked_mycollate_db1
+} {0}
+
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # This test verifies that a bug causing a busy-handler belonging to one
 # shared-cache connection to be executed as a result of an sqlite3_step()
@@ -204,4 +228,3 @@ db2 close
 
 sqlite3_enable_shared_cache $::enable_shared_cache
 finish_test
-
diff --git a/test/shared_err.test b/test/shared_err.test
index f501fc70d9..17add94bb7 100644
--- a/test/shared_err.test
+++ b/test/shared_err.test
@@ -401,6 +401,8 @@ do_malloc_test shared_err-8 -tclprep {
     execsql {INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($a, $b)} db2
   }
   execsql {COMMIT} db2
+  execsql BEGIN
+  execsql ROLLBACK
   set ::DB2 [sqlite3_connection_pointer db2]
   set ::STMT [sqlite3_prepare $::DB2 "SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY a" -1 DUMMY]
   sqlite3_step $::STMT       ;# Cursor points at 0000000000
@@ -409,8 +411,7 @@ do_malloc_test shared_err-8 -tclprep {
   execsql {
     BEGIN;
     INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(6, NULL);
-    ROLLBACK;
-  }
+    ROLLBACK}
 } -cleanup {
   # UPDATE: As of [5668], if the rollback fails SQLITE_CORRUPT is returned. 
   # So these tests have been updated to expect SQLITE_CORRUPT and its
diff --git a/test/shell1.test b/test/shell1.test
index e826b95e44..50e6c7125c 100644
--- a/test/shell1.test
+++ b/test/shell1.test
@@ -719,13 +719,14 @@ do_test shell1-3-29.1 {
 do_test shell1-4.1 {
   db eval {
     CREATE TABLE t1(x);
-    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(null), (1), (2.25), ('hello'), (x'807f');
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(null), (''), (1), (2.25), ('hello'), (x'807f');
   }
   catchcmd test.db {.dump}
 } {0 {PRAGMA foreign_keys=OFF;
 BEGIN TRANSACTION;
 CREATE TABLE t1(x);
 INSERT INTO "t1" VALUES(NULL);
+INSERT INTO "t1" VALUES('');
 INSERT INTO "t1" VALUES(1);
 INSERT INTO "t1" VALUES(2.25);
 INSERT INTO "t1" VALUES('hello');
@@ -737,10 +738,58 @@ COMMIT;}}
 do_test shell1-4.2 {
   catchcmd test.db ".mode insert t1\nselect * from t1;"
 } {0 {INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL);
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('');
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2.25);
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('hello');
 INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(X'807f');}}
 
+# Test the output of ".mode tcl"
+#
+do_test shell1-4.3 {
+  catchcmd test.db ".mode tcl\nselect * from t1;"
+} {0 {""
+""
+"1"
+"2.25"
+"hello"
+"\200\177"}}
+
+# Test the output of ".mode tcl" with multiple columns
+#
+do_test shell1-4.4 {
+  db eval {
+    CREATE TABLE t2(x,y);
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(null, ''), (1, 2.25), ('hello', x'807f');
+  }
+  catchcmd test.db ".mode tcl\nselect * from t2;"
+} {0 {"" ""
+"1" "2.25"
+"hello" "\200\177"}}
+
+# Test the output of ".mode tcl" with ".nullvalue"
+#
+do_test shell1-4.5 {
+  catchcmd test.db ".mode tcl\n.nullvalue NULL\nselect * from t2;"
+} {0 {"NULL" ""
+"1" "2.25"
+"hello" "\200\177"}}
+
+# Test the output of ".mode tcl" with Tcl reserved characters
+#
+do_test shell1-4.6 {
+  db eval {
+    CREATE TABLE tcl1(x);
+    INSERT INTO tcl1 VALUES('"'), ('['), (']'), ('\{'), ('\}'), (';'), ('$');
+  }
+  foreach {x y} [catchcmd test.db ".mode tcl\nselect * from tcl1;"] break
+  list $x $y [llength $y]
+} {0 {"\""
+"["
+"]"
+"\\{"
+"\\}"
+";"
+"$"} 7}
 
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/subquery2.test b/test/subquery2.test
index 04200046f9..4406efccf2 100644
--- a/test/subquery2.test
+++ b/test/subquery2.test
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
 source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set ::testprefix subquery2
 
 ifcapable !subquery {
   finish_test
@@ -82,5 +83,25 @@ do_test subquery2-1.22 {
   }
 } {1 3 5 7}
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that ticket d6b36be38a has been fixed.
+do_execsql_test 2.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t4(a, b);
+  CREATE TABLE t5(a, b);
+  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(3, 5);
+
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(1, 1);
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(2, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(3, 6);
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(4, 10);
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(5, 15);
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.2 {
+  SELECT * 
+  FROM (SELECT * FROM t4 ORDER BY a LIMIT -1 OFFSET 1) 
+  LIMIT (SELECT a FROM t5)
+} {2 3   3 6   4 10}
+
 
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/thread001.test b/test/thread001.test
index 7e0893f29d..a796c57b4a 100644
--- a/test/thread001.test
+++ b/test/thread001.test
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ foreach {tn same_db shared_cache} [list \
       do_test t1 {
         execsql {
           SELECT 
-            (SELECT md5sum(a, b) FROM ab WHERE a < (SELECT max(a) FROM ab)) ==
+            (SELECT md5sum(a, b) FROM ab WHERE +a < (SELECT max(a) FROM ab)) ==
             (SELECT b FROM ab WHERE a = (SELECT max(a) FROM ab))
         }
       } {1}
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ foreach {tn same_db shared_cache} [list \
   do_test thread001.$tn.6 {
     execsql {
       SELECT 
-        (SELECT md5sum(a, b) FROM ab WHERE a < (SELECT max(a) FROM ab)) ==
+        (SELECT md5sum(a, b) FROM ab WHERE +a < (SELECT max(a) FROM ab)) ==
         (SELECT b FROM ab WHERE a = (SELECT max(a) FROM ab))
     }
   } {1}
diff --git a/test/tkt2822.test b/test/tkt2822.test
index 281e5dc91f..d0b16338c6 100644
--- a/test/tkt2822.test
+++ b/test/tkt2822.test
@@ -273,11 +273,21 @@ do_test tkt2822-7.1 {
     SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY 0;
   }
 } {1 {1st ORDER BY term out of range - should be between 1 and 25}}
-do_test tkt2822-7.2 {
+do_test tkt2822-7.2.1 {
   catchsql {
     SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY 1, 0;
   }
 } {1 {2nd ORDER BY term out of range - should be between 1 and 25}}
+do_test tkt2822-7.2.2 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY 1, 26;
+  }
+} {1 {2nd ORDER BY term out of range - should be between 1 and 25}}
+do_test tkt2822-7.2.3 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY 1, 65536;
+  }
+} {1 {2nd ORDER BY term out of range - should be between 1 and 25}}
 do_test tkt2822-7.3 {
   catchsql {
     SELECT * FROM t7 ORDER BY 1, 2, 0;
diff --git a/test/triggerC.test b/test/triggerC.test
index db37ab3b66..8d9848794a 100644
--- a/test/triggerC.test
+++ b/test/triggerC.test
@@ -949,6 +949,48 @@ do_catchsql_test triggerC-13.2 {
   UPDATE t12 SET a=a+1, b=b+1;
 } {1 {too many levels of trigger recursion}}
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests seek to verify that constant values (i.e. literals)
+# are not factored out of loops within trigger programs. SQLite does
+# not factor constants out of loops within trigger programs as it may only
+# do so in code generated before the first table or index is opened. And
+# by the time a trigger program is coded, at least one table or index has
+# always been opened.
+#
+# At one point, due to a bug allowing constant factoring within triggers,
+# the following SQL would produce the wrong result.
+#
+set SQL {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, c);
+  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b, c);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
 
+  CREATE TABLE t2(e, f);
+  CREATE INDEX i3 ON t2(e);
+  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1234567, 3);
+
+  CREATE TABLE empty(x);
+  CREATE TABLE not_empty(x);
+  INSERT INTO not_empty VALUES(2);
+
+  CREATE TABLE t4(x);
+  CREATE TABLE t5(g, h, i);
+
+  CREATE TRIGGER trig BEFORE INSERT ON t4 BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO t5 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE 
+        (a IN (SELECT x FROM empty) OR b IN (SELECT x FROM not_empty)) 
+        AND c IN (SELECT f FROM t2 WHERE e=1234567);
+  END;
+
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(0);
+  SELECT * FROM t5;
+}
+
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test triggerC-14.1 $SQL {1 2 3}
+reset_db
+optimization_control db factor-constants 0
+do_execsql_test triggerC-14.2 $SQL {1 2 3}
 
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/vtab1.test b/test/vtab1.test
index 340994304c..95811d746e 100644
--- a/test/vtab1.test
+++ b/test/vtab1.test
@@ -1293,4 +1293,44 @@ do_test 19.3 {
   db2 close
 } {}
 
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that the bug fixed by [b0c1ba655d69] really is fixed.
+#
+do_execsql_test 20.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t7 (a, b);
+  CREATE TABLE t8 (c, d);
+  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t7(a);
+  CREATE INDEX i3 ON t7(b);
+  CREATE INDEX i4 ON t8(c);
+  CREATE INDEX i5 ON t8(d);
+
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t7v USING echo(t7);
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t8v USING echo(t8);
+}
+
+do_test 20.2 {
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 1000} {incr i} {
+    db eval {INSERT INTO t7 VALUES($i, $i)}
+    db eval {INSERT INTO t8 VALUES($i, $i)}
+  }
+} {}
+
+do_execsql_test 20.3 {
+  SELECT a, b FROM (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t7 WHERE a=11 OR b=12
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT c, d FROM t8 WHERE c=5 OR d=6
+  )
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+} {5 5 6 6 11 11 12 12}
+
+do_execsql_test 20.4 {
+  SELECT a, b FROM (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t7v WHERE a=11 OR b=12
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT c, d FROM t8v WHERE c=5 OR d=6
+  )
+  ORDER BY 1, 2;
+} {5 5 6 6 11 11 12 12}
+
 finish_test
diff --git a/test/wal9.test b/test/wal9.test
index f483eb615c..ae2a52bb02 100644
--- a/test/wal9.test
+++ b/test/wal9.test
@@ -60,11 +60,16 @@ do_execsql_test 1.2 {
 
 # Check file sizes are as expected. The real requirement here is that 
 # the *shm file is now more than one chunk (>32KiB).
+#
+# The sizes of various files are slightly different in normal and 
+# auto-vacuum mode.
 do_test 1.3 { file size test.db     } {1024}
-do_test 1.4 { file size test.db-wal } {15421352}
-do_test 1.5 { expr {[file size test.db-shm]>32768} } {1}
-
-do_execsql_test 1.6 { PRAGMA wal_checkpoint } {0 14715 14715}
+do_test 1.4 { expr {[file size test.db-wal]>(1500*1024)} } {1}
+do_test 1.5 { expr {[file size test.db-shm]>32768} }       {1}
+do_test 1.6 { 
+  foreach {a b c} [db eval {PRAGMA wal_checkpoint}] break
+  list [expr {$a==0}] [expr {$b>14500}] [expr {$c>14500}] [expr {$b==$c}]
+} {1 1 1 1}
 
 # At this point connection [db2] has mapped the first 32KB of the *shm file
 # only. Because the entire WAL file has been checkpointed, it is not 
diff --git a/test/where.test b/test/where.test
index 461ab87277..05c7b2f04f 100644
--- a/test/where.test
+++ b/test/where.test
@@ -1079,6 +1079,7 @@ do_test where-13.12 {
 # When optimizing out ORDER BY clauses, make sure that trailing terms
 # of the ORDER BY clause do not reference other tables in a join.
 #
+if {[permutation] != "no_optimization"} {
 do_test where-14.1 {
   execsql {
     CREATE TABLE t8(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b TEXT UNIQUE);
@@ -1156,6 +1157,7 @@ do_test where-14.12 {
     SELECT x.a || '/' || y.a FROM t8 x, t8 y ORDER BY x.b, y.a||x.b DESC
   } 
 } {4/4 4/1 1/4 1/1 sort}
+} ;# {permutation != "no_optimization"}
 
 # Ticket #2445.
 #