Fix several harmless compiler warnings.

FossilOrigin-Name: 360c0fd1cf9db5f1e4f670a4b95971daaeaa5879
Fix typos in logging code.
2014-05-09 00:36:06 +00:00 · 2014-05-08 22:15:13 +00:00 · 2014-05-08 22:08:22 +00:00 · 2014-05-08 22:05:30 +00:00 · 2014-05-08 22:01:26 +00:00 · 2014-05-08 22:01:08 +00:00
73 changed files with 5831 additions and 1772 deletions
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ LIBOBJS0 = alter.lo analyze.lo attach.lo auth.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo parse.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo select.lo status.lo \
-         table.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
+         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbe.lo vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo utf.lo vtab.lo
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ SRC = \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
+  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
@@ -732,6 +733,9 @@ status.lo:	$(TOP)/src/status.c $(HDR)
 table.lo:	$(TOP)/src/table.c $(HDR)
 	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/table.c

+threads.lo:	$(TOP)/src/threads.c $(HDR)
+	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/threads.c
+
 tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)/src/tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
 	$(LTCOMPILE) $(TEMP_STORE) -c $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ LIBOBJS0 = vdbe.lo parse.lo alter.lo analyze.lo attach.lo auth.lo \
         notify.lo opcodes.lo os.lo os_unix.lo os_win.lo \
         pager.lo pcache.lo pcache1.lo pragma.lo prepare.lo printf.lo \
         random.lo resolve.lo rowset.lo rtree.lo select.lo status.lo \
-         table.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
+         table.lo threads.lo tokenize.lo trigger.lo \
         update.lo util.lo vacuum.lo \
         vdbeapi.lo vdbeaux.lo vdbeblob.lo vdbemem.lo vdbesort.lo \
         vdbetrace.lo wal.lo walker.lo where.lo utf.lo vtab.lo
@@ -659,6 +659,7 @@ SRC = \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteInt.h \
  $(TOP)\src\sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)\src\table.c \
+  $(TOP)\src\threads.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tclsqlite.c \
  $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)\src\trigger.c \
@@ -1139,6 +1140,9 @@ status.lo:	$(TOP)\src\status.c $(HDR)
 table.lo:	$(TOP)\src\table.c $(HDR)
 	$(LTCOMPILE) -c $(TOP)\src\table.c

+threads.lo:	$(TOP)\src\threads.c $(HDR)
+	$(LTCOMPILE) -c $(TOP)\src\threads.c
+
 tokenize.lo:	$(TOP)\src\tokenize.c keywordhash.h $(HDR)
 	$(LTCOMPILE) -c $(TOP)\src\tokenize.c

@@ -120,12 +120,13 @@ proc execsql_intout {sql} {
 # Test that it is possible to open an existing database that contains
 # r-tree tables.
 #
-do_test rtree-1.4.1 {
-  execsql {
-    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING rtree(ii, x1, x2);
-    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 5.0, 10.0);
-    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 15.0, 20.0);
-  }
+do_execsql_test rtree-1.4.1a {
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING rtree(ii, x1, x2);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 5.0, 10.0);
+  SELECT substr(hex(data),1,40) FROM t1_node;
+} {00000001000000000000000140A0000041200000}
+do_execsql_test rtree-1.4.1b {
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2, 15.0, 20.0);
 } {}
 do_test rtree-1.4.2 {
  db close
@@ -435,16 +436,18 @@ do_test rtree-11.2 {
 # Test on-conflict clause handling.
 #
 db_delete_and_reopen
-do_execsql_test 12.0 {
+do_execsql_test 12.0.1 {
  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE t1 USING rtree_i32(idx, x1, x2, y1, y2);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,   1, 2, 3, 4);
+  SELECT substr(hex(data),1,56) FROM t1_node;
+} {00000001000000000000000100000001000000020000000300000004}
+do_execsql_test 12.0.2 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2,   2, 3, 4, 5);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3,   3, 4, 5, 6);

  CREATE TABLE source(idx, x1, x2, y1, y2);
  INSERT INTO source VALUES(5, 8, 8, 8, 8);
  INSERT INTO source VALUES(2, 7, 7, 7, 7);
-  
 }
 db_save_and_close
 foreach {tn sql_template testdata} {
@@ -57,31 +57,31 @@ do_test rtree6-1.1 {

 do_test rtree6-1.2 {
  rtree_strategy {SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE x1>10}
-} {Ea}
+} {E0}

 do_test rtree6-1.3 {
  rtree_strategy {SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE x1<10}
-} {Ca}
+} {C0}

 do_test rtree6-1.4 {
  rtree_strategy {SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=ii AND x1<10}
-} {Ca}
+} {C0}

 do_test rtree6-1.5 {
  rtree_strategy {SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=+ii AND x1<10}
-} {Ca}
+} {C0}

 do_eqp_test rtree6.2.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=+ii AND x1<10
 } {
-  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:Ca} 
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0} 
  0 1 1 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)}
 }

 do_eqp_test rtree6.2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE k=ii AND x1<10
 } {
-  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:Ca} 
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0} 
  0 1 1 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)}
 }

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ do_eqp_test rtree6.2.3 {
 do_eqp_test rtree6.2.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t1,t2 WHERE v=10 and x1<10 and x2>10
 } {
-  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:CaEb} 
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:C0E1} 
  0 1 1 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (v=?)}
 }

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ do_test rtree6.3.2 {
      x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND 
      x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 
  }
-} {EaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEa}
+} {E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0}
 do_test rtree6.3.3 {
  rtree_strategy {
    SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ do_test rtree6.3.3 {
      x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND 
      x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5 AND x1>0.5
  }
-} {EaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEaEa}
+} {E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0}

 do_execsql_test rtree6-3.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 WHERE x1>0.5 AND x1>0.8 AND x1>1.1
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ ifcapable rtree_int_only {
      INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(9223372036854775807, 150, 150, 400, 400);
      SELECT rtreenode(2, data) FROM t1_node;
    }
-  } {{{1073741824 0.000000 0.000000 100.000000 100.000000} {2147483646 0.000000 0.000000 200.000000 200.000000} {4294967296 0.000000 0.000000 300.000000 300.000000} {8589934592 20.000000 20.000000 150.000000 150.000000} {9223372036854775807 150.000000 150.000000 400.000000 400.000000}}}
+  } {{{1073741824 0 0 100 100} {2147483646 0 0 200 200} {4294967296 0 0 300 300} {8589934592 20 20 150 150} {9223372036854775807 150 150 400 400}}}
 }

 finish_test
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ do_eqp_test 1.1 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 0 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 0 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 1.2 {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ do_eqp_test 1.2 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 1.3 {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ do_eqp_test 1.3 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND ?<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 1.5 {
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ do_eqp_test 2.1 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 1 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 0 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 0 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 2.2 {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ do_eqp_test 2.2 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND t.x<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 2.3 {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ do_eqp_test 2.3 {
  WHERE t.x>=min_x AND t.x<=max_x AND t.y>=min_y AND ?<=max_y
 } {
  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t}
-  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:DdBcDbBa}
+  0 1 1 {SCAN TABLE r_tree VIRTUAL TABLE INDEX 2:D3B2D1B0}
 }

 do_eqp_test 2.5 {
@@ -271,4 +271,3 @@ ifcapable rtree {


 finish_test
-
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# 2010 August 28
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file contains tests for the r-tree module. Specifically, it tests
+# that new-style custom r-tree queries (geometry callbacks) work.
+# 
+
+if {![info exists testdir]} {
+  set testdir [file join [file dirname [info script]] .. .. test]
+} 
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+ifcapable !rtree { finish_test ; return }
+ifcapable rtree_int_only { finish_test; return }
+
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test the example 2d "circle" geometry callback.
+#
+register_circle_geom db
+
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.1 {
+  PRAGMA page_size=512;
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt1 USING rtree(id,x0,x1,y0,y1);
+  
+  /* A tight pattern of small boxes near 0,0 */
+  WITH RECURSIVE
+    x(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM x WHERE x<4),
+    y(y) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT y+1 FROM y WHERE y<4)
+  INSERT INTO rt1 SELECT x+5*y, x, x+2, y, y+2 FROM x, y;
+
+  /* A looser pattern of small boxes near 100, 0 */
+  WITH RECURSIVE
+    x(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM x WHERE x<4),
+    y(y) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT y+1 FROM y WHERE y<4)
+  INSERT INTO rt1 SELECT 100+x+5*y, x*3+100, x*3+102, y*3, y*3+2 FROM x, y;
+
+  /* A looser pattern of larger boxes near 0, 200 */
+  WITH RECURSIVE
+    x(x) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM x WHERE x<4),
+    y(y) AS (VALUES(0) UNION ALL SELECT y+1 FROM y WHERE y<4)
+  INSERT INTO rt1 SELECT 200+x+5*y, x*7, x*7+15, y*7+200, y*7+215 FROM x, y;
+} {}
+
+# Queries against each of the three clusters */
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.1 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(0.0, 0.0, 50.0, 3) ORDER BY id;
+} {0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24}
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.2 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(100.0, 0.0, 50.0, 3) ORDER BY id;
+} {100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124}
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.3 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(0.0, 200.0, 50.0, 3) ORDER BY id;
+} {200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224}
+
+# The Qcircle geometry function gives a lower score to larger leaf-nodes.
+# This causes the 200s to sort before the 100s and the 0s to sort before
+# last.
+#
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.4 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(0,0,1000,3) AND id%100==0
+} {200 100 0}
+
+# Exclude odd rowids on a depth-first search
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.5 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(0,0,1000,4) ORDER BY +id
+} {0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224}
+
+# Exclude odd rowids on a breadth-first search.
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-1.6 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH Qcircle(0,0,1000,5) ORDER BY +id
+} {0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 200 202 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224}
+
+# Construct a large 2-D RTree with thousands of random entries.
+#
+do_test rtreeE-2.1 {
+  db eval {
+    CREATE TABLE t2(id,x0,x1,y0,y1);
+    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt2 USING rtree(id,x0,x1,y0,y1);
+    BEGIN;
+  }
+  expr srand(0)
+  for {set i 1} {$i<=10000} {incr i} {
+    set dx [expr {int(rand()*40)+1}]
+    set dy [expr {int(rand()*40)+1}]
+    set x0 [expr {int(rand()*(10000 - $dx))}]
+    set x1 [expr {$x0+$dx}]
+    set y0 [expr {int(rand()*(10000 - $dy))}]
+    set y1 [expr {$y0+$dy}]
+    set id [expr {$i+10000}]
+    db eval {INSERT INTO t2 VALUES($id,$x0,$x1,$y0,$y1)}
+  }
+  db eval {
+    INSERT INTO rt2 SELECT * FROM t2;
+    COMMIT;
+  }
+} {}
+
+for {set i 1} {$i<=200} {incr i} {
+  set dx [expr {int(rand()*100)}]
+  set dy [expr {int(rand()*100)}]
+  set x0 [expr {int(rand()*(10000 - $dx))}]
+  set x1 [expr {$x0+$dx}]
+  set y0 [expr {int(rand()*(10000 - $dy))}]
+  set y1 [expr {$y0+$dy}]
+  set ans [db eval {SELECT id FROM t2 WHERE x1>=$x0 AND x0<=$x1 AND y1>=$y0 AND y0<=$y1 ORDER BY id}]
+  do_execsql_test rtreeE-2.2.$i {
+    SELECT id FROM rt2 WHERE id MATCH breadthfirstsearch($x0,$x1,$y0,$y1) ORDER BY id
+  } $ans
+}
+
+# Run query that have very deep priority queues
+#
+set ans [db eval {SELECT id FROM t2 WHERE x1>=0 AND x0<=5000 AND y1>=0 AND y0<=5000 ORDER BY id}]
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-2.3 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt2 WHERE id MATCH breadthfirstsearch(0,5000,0,5000) ORDER BY id
+} $ans
+set ans [db eval {SELECT id FROM t2 WHERE x1>=0 AND x0<=10000 AND y1>=0 AND y0<=10000 ORDER BY id}]
+do_execsql_test rtreeE-2.4 {
+  SELECT id FROM rt2 WHERE id MATCH breadthfirstsearch(0,10000,0,10000) ORDER BY id
+} $ans
+
+finish_test
@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif

 typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
+typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info sqlite3_rtree_query_info;
+
+/* The double-precision datatype used by RTree depends on the
+** SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY compile-time option.
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
+  typedef sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
+#else
+  typedef double sqlite3_rtree_dbl;
+#endif

 /*
 ** Register a geometry callback named zGeom that can be used as part of an
@@ -31,11 +41,7 @@ typedef struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry sqlite3_rtree_geometry;
 int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
  sqlite3 *db,
  const char *zGeom,
-#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int n, sqlite3_int64 *a, int *pRes),
-#else
-  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int n, double *a, int *pRes),
-#endif
+  int (*xGeom)(sqlite3_rtree_geometry*, int, sqlite3_rtree_dbl*,int*),
  void *pContext
 );

@@ -47,11 +53,60 @@ int sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(
 struct sqlite3_rtree_geometry {
  void *pContext;                 /* Copy of pContext passed to s_r_g_c() */
  int nParam;                     /* Size of array aParam[] */
-  double *aParam;                 /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;      /* Parameters passed to SQL geom function */
  void *pUser;                    /* Callback implementation user data */
  void (*xDelUser)(void *);       /* Called by SQLite to clean up pUser */
 };

+/*
+** Register a 2nd-generation geometry callback named zScore that can be 
+** used as part of an R-Tree geometry query as follows:
+**
+**   SELECT ... FROM <rtree> WHERE <rtree col> MATCH $zQueryFunc(... params ...)
+*/
+int sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  const char *zQueryFunc,
+  int (*xQueryFunc)(sqlite3_rtree_query_info*),
+  void *pContext,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+);
+
+
+/*
+** A pointer to a structure of the following type is passed as the 
+** argument to scored geometry callback registered using
+** sqlite3_rtree_query_callback().
+**
+** Note that the first 5 fields of this structure are identical to
+** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.  This structure is a subclass of
+** sqlite3_rtree_geometry.
+*/
+struct sqlite3_rtree_query_info {
+  void *pContext;                   /* pContext from when function registered */
+  int nParam;                       /* Number of function parameters */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aParam;        /* value of function parameters */
+  void *pUser;                      /* callback can use this, if desired */
+  void (*xDelUser)(void*);          /* function to free pUser */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord;        /* Coordinates of node or entry to check */
+  unsigned int *anQueue;            /* Number of pending entries in the queue */
+  int nCoord;                       /* Number of coordinates */
+  int iLevel;                       /* Level of current node or entry */
+  int mxLevel;                      /* The largest iLevel value in the tree */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;             /* Rowid for current entry */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rParentScore;   /* Score of parent node */
+  int eParentWithin;                /* Visibility of parent node */
+  int eWithin;                      /* OUT: Visiblity */
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl rScore;         /* OUT: Write the score here */
+};
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for sqlite3_rtree_query.eWithin and .eParentWithin.
+*/
+#define NOT_WITHIN       0   /* Object completely outside of query region */
+#define PARTLY_WITHIN    1   /* Object partially overlaps query region */
+#define FULLY_WITHIN     2   /* Object fully contained within query region */
+

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }  /* end of the 'extern "C"' block */
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ LIBOBJ+= vdbe.o parse.o \
         notify.o opcodes.o os.o os_unix.o os_win.o \
         pager.o pcache.o pcache1.o pragma.o prepare.o printf.o \
         random.o resolve.o rowset.o rtree.o select.o status.o \
-         table.o tokenize.o trigger.o \
+         table.o threads.o tokenize.o trigger.o \
         update.o util.o vacuum.o \
         vdbeapi.o vdbeaux.o vdbeblob.o vdbemem.o vdbesort.o \
 	 vdbetrace.o wal.o walker.o where.o utf.o vtab.o
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ SRC = \
  $(TOP)/src/sqliteLimit.h \
  $(TOP)/src/table.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tclsqlite.c \
+  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/trigger.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
@@ -311,6 +312,7 @@ TESTSRC2 = \
  $(TOP)/src/pcache.c \
  $(TOP)/src/pcache1.c \
  $(TOP)/src/select.c \
+  $(TOP)/src/threads.c \
  $(TOP)/src/tokenize.c \
  $(TOP)/src/utf.c \
  $(TOP)/src/util.c \
@@ -476,7 +478,7 @@ parse.c:	$(TOP)/src/parse.y lemon $(TOP)/addopcodes.awk
 	mv parse.h parse.h.temp
 	$(NAWK) -f $(TOP)/addopcodes.awk parse.h.temp >parse.h

-sqlite3.h:	$(TOP)/src/sqlite.h.in $(TOP)/manifest.uuid $(TOP)/VERSION
+sqlite3.h:	$(TOP)/src/sqlite.h.in $(TOP)/manifest.uuid $(TOP)/VERSION $(TOP)/ext/rtree/sqlite3rtree.h
 	tclsh $(TOP)/tool/mksqlite3h.tcl $(TOP) >sqlite3.h

 keywordhash.h:	$(TOP)/tool/mkkeywordhash.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-C Enhancements\sto\sthe\sdate\sand\stime\sfunctions\sso\sthat\sthey\soptionally\ssupport\na\s5-digit\syear.\s\sNot\ssure\swe\swant\sto\sinclude\sthis\sin\strunk.\s\sSaved\sin\sa\sbranch\nfor\sfuture\sreference.
-D 2014-04-23T12:00:20.142
+C Fix\sseveral\sharmless\scompiler\swarnings.
+D 2014-05-09T00:36:06.204
 F Makefile.arm-wince-mingw32ce-gcc d6df77f1f48d690bd73162294bbba7f59507c72f
-F Makefile.in 2ef13430cd359f7b361bb863504e227b25cc7f81
+F Makefile.in ad0921c4b2780d01868cf69b419a4f102308d125
 F Makefile.linux-gcc 91d710bdc4998cb015f39edf3cb314ec4f4d7e23
-F Makefile.msc fdacba6fb574868c71fde6db6b77789a383a4c19
+F Makefile.msc 7d6981e8e14d8189a2a2f9b4a485f40b2032cb2e
 F Makefile.vxworks db21ed42a01d5740e656b16f92cb5d8d5e5dd315
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 F VERSION 9f823c026c6a32fc5f84d212a8aae0a221dba45c
@@ -120,30 +120,31 @@ F ext/misc/vfslog.c fe40fab5c077a40477f7e5eba994309ecac6cc95
 F ext/misc/vtshim.c babb0dc2bf116029e3e7c9a618b8a1377045303e
 F ext/misc/wholenumber.c 784b12543d60702ebdd47da936e278aa03076212
 F ext/rtree/README 6315c0d73ebf0ec40dedb5aa0e942bc8b54e3761
-F ext/rtree/rtree.c 2d9f95da404d850474e628c720c5ce15d29b47de
+F ext/rtree/rtree.c 6f70db93e0e42c369325c5cddcf2024c5a87ca43
 F ext/rtree/rtree.h 834dbcb82dc85b2481cde6a07cdadfddc99e9b9e
-F ext/rtree/rtree1.test cf679265ecafff494a768ac9c2f43a70915a6290
+F ext/rtree/rtree1.test e2da4aaa426918d27122d1a1066c6ecf8409a514
 F ext/rtree/rtree2.test acbb3a4ce0f4fbc2c304d2b4b784cfa161856bba
 F ext/rtree/rtree3.test a494da55c30ee0bc9b01a91c80c81b387b22d2dc
 F ext/rtree/rtree4.test c8fe384f60ebd49540a5fecc990041bf452eb6e0
 F ext/rtree/rtree5.test 6a510494f12454bf57ef28f45bc7764ea279431e
-F ext/rtree/rtree6.test fe0bd377a21c68ce2826129d14354c884cb1f354
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 F ext/rtree/rtree7.test 1fa710b9e6bf997a0c1a537b81be7bb6fded1971
 F ext/rtree/rtree8.test db79c812f9e4a11f9b1f3f9934007884610a713a
 F ext/rtree/rtree9.test d86ebf08ff6328895613ed577dd8a2a37c472c34
 F ext/rtree/rtreeA.test ace05e729a36e342d40cf94e9efc7b4723d9dcdf
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-F ext/rtree/rtreeC.test 16d7aa86ecb6a876d2a38cf590a1471a41b3a46d
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 F ext/rtree/rtreeD.test 636630357638f5983701550b37f0f5867130d2ca
+F ext/rtree/rtreeE.test 388c1c8602c3ce55c15f03b509e9cf545fb7c41f
 F ext/rtree/rtree_perf.tcl 6c18c1f23cd48e0f948930c98dfdd37dfccb5195
 F ext/rtree/rtree_util.tcl 06aab2ed5b826545bf215fff90ecb9255a8647ea
-F ext/rtree/sqlite3rtree.h c34c1e41d1ab80bb8ad09aae402c9c956871a765
+F ext/rtree/sqlite3rtree.h 83349d519fe5f518b3ea025d18dd1fe51b1684bd
 F ext/rtree/tkt3363.test 142ab96eded44a3615ec79fba98c7bde7d0f96de
 F ext/rtree/viewrtree.tcl eea6224b3553599ae665b239bd827e182b466024
 F install-sh 9d4de14ab9fb0facae2f48780b874848cbf2f895 x
 F ltmain.sh 3ff0879076df340d2e23ae905484d8c15d5fdea8
 F magic.txt f439556c5ce01ced70987e5ee86549a45165d9ff
-F main.mk 3ae543fa446525c1dec55f58de67f41b78651812
+F main.mk f51f401a87fd07be255bcecae8b03105ca2024e8
 F mkopcodec.awk c2ff431854d702cdd2d779c9c0d1f58fa16fa4ea
 F mkopcodeh.awk c6b3fa301db6ef7ac916b14c60868aeaec1337b5
 F mkso.sh fd21c06b063bb16a5d25deea1752c2da6ac3ed83
@@ -158,35 +159,35 @@ F sqlite.pc.in 42b7bf0d02e08b9e77734a47798d1a55a9e0716b
 F sqlite3.1 3d8b83c91651f53472ca17599dae3457b8b89494
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-F src/analyze.c 663e0b291d27eb03c9fd6b421e2d61ba348a2389
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 F src/attach.c 3801129015ef59d76bf23c95ef9b0069d18a0c52
 F src/auth.c 523da7fb4979469955d822ff9298352d6b31de34
 F src/backup.c a729e63cf5cd1829507cb7b8e89f99b95141bb53
 F src/bitvec.c 19a4ba637bd85f8f63fc8c9bae5ade9fb05ec1cb
 F src/btmutex.c 976f45a12e37293e32cae0281b15a21d48a8aaa7
-F src/btree.c 6c9b51abd404ce5b78b173b6f2248e8cb824758c
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 F src/btree.h d79306df4ed9181b48916737fe8871a4392c4594
 F src/btreeInt.h cf180d86b2e9e418f638d65baa425c4c69c0e0e3
-F src/build.c 5bfeea8f302ec2926c9eea321a61daea92a29fa4
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 F src/callback.c 174e3c8656bc29f91d710ab61550d16eea34be98
 F src/complete.c dc1d136c0feee03c2f7550bafc0d29075e36deac
 F src/ctime.c 0231df905e2c4abba4483ee18ffc05adc321df2a
-F src/date.c 483fd9eeb74e06c2ddc4b33ade4a8a9611230386
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 F src/delete.c bcf8f72126cea80fc3d5bc5494cf19b3f8935aaf
 F src/expr.c 4f9e497c66e2f25a4d139357a778c84d5713207c
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 F src/fkey.c 5269ef07b100763134f71b889327c333bd0989cf
 F src/func.c 2945bb2c4cdc0ac43733046285a4434310be1811
-F src/global.c 1d7bb7ea8254ae6a68ed9bfaf65fcb3d1690b486
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 F src/hash.c d139319967164f139c8d1bb8a11b14db9c4ba3cd
 F src/hash.h 8890a25af81fb85a9ad7790d32eedab4b994da22
 F src/hwtime.h d32741c8f4df852c7d959236615444e2b1063b08
-F src/insert.c d8bb30535c8c0785876025a4a07f9074640a15d1
+F src/insert.c ab34bea5af4fee9f956a0805a32463fb7f674d00
 F src/journal.c b4124532212b6952f42eb2c12fa3c25701d8ba8d
 F src/legacy.c 0df0b1550b9cc1f58229644735e317ac89131f12
 F src/lempar.c cdf0a000315332fc9b50b62f3b5e22e080a0952b
 F src/loadext.c 867c7b330b740c6c917af9956b13b81d0a048303
-F src/main.c 0a8cfb6b2899649880e5874ac9bfd1c6f7c6a4a3
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 F src/malloc.c 0203ebce9152c6a0e5de520140b8ba65187350be
 F src/mem0.c 6a55ebe57c46ca1a7d98da93aaa07f99f1059645
 F src/mem1.c c0c990fcaddff810ea277b4fb5d9138603dd5d4b
@@ -194,40 +195,40 @@ F src/mem2.c dce31758da87ec2cfa52ba4c5df1aed6e07d8e8f
 F src/mem3.c 61c9d47b792908c532ca3a62b999cf21795c6534
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 F src/memjournal.c 0683aac6cab6ec2b5374c0db37c0deb2436a3785
-F src/mutex.c d3b66a569368015e0fcb1ac15f81c119f504d3bc
+F src/mutex.c 84a073c9a23a8d7bdd2ea832522d1730df18812c
 F src/mutex.h 5bc526e19dccc412b7ff04642f6fdad3fdfdabea
-F src/mutex_noop.c 7682796b7d8d39bf1c138248858efcd10c9e1553
-F src/mutex_unix.c c3a4e00f96ba068a8dbef34084465979aaf369cc
-F src/mutex_w32.c 6108c88e1cb38d8fbb3534b170793815cbedbf97
+F src/mutex_noop.c 4222773e5f61e506f232aedc9ad9e16ca00c1399
+F src/mutex_unix.c 56e22c1bc6aabfa2f9736317a8f56acd5d0c5f7c
+F src/mutex_w32.c c4726d3bfe80996665a39d27598ebd056e2d6b89
 F src/notify.c 976dd0f6171d4588e89e874fcc765e92914b6d30
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 F src/os_unix.c ae4b5240af4619d711301d7992396e182585269f
-F src/os_win.c e71678ac927d0a0fb11d993db20a9748eabf808e
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 F src/pager.c ab62a24218d87dda1be641f6c5ad291bff78fd94
 F src/pager.h ffd5607f7b3e4590b415b007a4382f693334d428
 F src/parse.y 22d6a074e5f5a7258947a1dc55a9bf946b765dd0
 F src/pcache.c d8eafac28290d4bb80332005435db44991d07fc2
 F src/pcache.h a5e4f5d9f5d592051d91212c5949517971ae6222
 F src/pcache1.c 102e6f5a2fbc646154463eb856d1fd716867b64c
-F src/pragma.c 21ece94d4f3e76e8e150deecafb9c7abd398ec67
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 F src/prepare.c 677521ab7132615a8a26107a1d1c3132f44ae337
 F src/printf.c e5a0005f8b3de21f85da6a709d2fbee76775bf4b
 F src/random.c d10c1f85b6709ca97278428fd5db5bbb9c74eece
 F src/resolve.c 273d5f47c4e2c05b2d3d2bffeda939551ab59e66
 F src/rowset.c a9c9aae3234b44a6d7c6f5a3cadf90dce1e627be
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-F src/sqlite.h.in bde98816e1ba0c9ffef50afe7b32f4e5a8f54fe0
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+F src/shell.c 6946aea9f21af551fa84bc6b2a8de55d93bf0004
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 F src/sqlite3.rc 11094cc6a157a028b301a9f06b3d03089ea37c3e
 F src/sqlite3ext.h 886f5a34de171002ad46fae8c36a7d8051c190fc
-F src/sqliteInt.h 03e2f60ccb0745fa2d3a072cb4f75fa29251d2ee
+F src/sqliteInt.h 851003126071d4a3bac86a0db75c48197fbd0ff0
 F src/sqliteLimit.h 164b0e6749d31e0daa1a4589a169d31c0dec7b3d
 F src/status.c 7ac05a5c7017d0b9f0b4bcd701228b784f987158
 F src/table.c 2cd62736f845d82200acfa1287e33feb3c15d62e
 F src/tclsqlite.c e87c99e28a145943666b51b212dacae35fcea0bd
-F src/test1.c 2401eee14a4309a7cfe2aeb2f30ad517a1d9c299
+F src/test1.c a0e59104fec5626bb1d1bd746157f43e85245e4b
 F src/test2.c 7355101c085304b90024f2261e056cdff13c6c35
 F src/test3.c 1c0e5d6f080b8e33c1ce8b3078e7013fdbcd560c
 F src/test4.c 9b32d22f5f150abe23c1830e2057c4037c45b3df
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ F src/test_async.c 21e11293a2f72080eda70e1124e9102044531cd8
 F src/test_autoext.c dea8a01a7153b9adc97bd26161e4226329546e12
 F src/test_backup.c 3875e899222b651e18b662f86e0e50daa946344e
 F src/test_btree.c 2e9978eca99a9a4bfa8cae949efb00886860a64f
-F src/test_config.c 0336e0bdbe541b4af89d7e3dd0656e8e6b51e585
+F src/test_config.c bf2e0bf49ebd8fe3dccabb4542157f9571fe48fa
 F src/test_demovfs.c 69b2085076654ebc18014cbc6386f04409c959a9
 F src/test_devsym.c e7498904e72ba7491d142d5c83b476c4e76993bc
 F src/test_fs.c ced436e3d4b8e4681328409b8081051ce614e28f
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ F src/test_intarray.c 87847c71c3c36889c0bcc9c4baf9d31881665d61
 F src/test_intarray.h 2ece66438cfd177b78d1bfda7a4180cd3a10844d
 F src/test_journal.c f5c0a05b7b3d5930db769b5ee6c3766dc2221a64
 F src/test_loadext.c a5251f956ab6af21e138dc1f9c0399394a510cb4
-F src/test_malloc.c 1ff5b1243d96124c9a180f3b89424820a1f337f3
+F src/test_malloc.c 27047a841f5bff1cb638123806a2c30714771307
 F src/test_multiplex.c 9f304bf04170c91c0318238d512df2da039eb1c8
 F src/test_multiplex.h 110a8c4d356e0aa464ca8730375608a9a0b61ae1
 F src/test_mutex.c 293042d623ebba969160f471a82aa1551626454f
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ F src/test_osinst.c 90a845c8183013d80eccb1f29e8805608516edba
 F src/test_pcache.c a5cd24730cb43c5b18629043314548c9169abb00
 F src/test_quota.c 30c64f0ef84734f2231a686df41ed882b0c59bc0
 F src/test_quota.h 8761e463b25e75ebc078bd67d70e39b9c817a0cb
-F src/test_rtree.c f3d1d12538dccb75fd916e3fa58f250edbdd3b47
+F src/test_rtree.c fdd8d29ca5165c7857987a2ba263fac5c69e231f
 F src/test_schema.c cd12a2223c3a394f4d07bb93bdf6d344c5c121b6
 F src/test_server.c a2615049954cbb9cfb4a62e18e2f0616e4dc38fe
 F src/test_sqllog.c c1c1bbedbcaf82b93d83e4f9dd990e62476a680e
@@ -270,29 +271,30 @@ F src/test_syscall.c 2e21ca7f7dc54a028f1967b63f1e76155c356f9b
 F src/test_tclvar.c f4dc67d5f780707210d6bb0eb6016a431c04c7fa
 F src/test_thread.c 1e133a40b50e9c035b00174035b846e7eef481cb
 F src/test_vfs.c e72f555ef7a59080f898fcf1a233deb9eb704ea9
-F src/test_vfstrace.c 3a0ab304682fecbceb689e7d9b904211fde11d78
+F src/test_vfstrace.c bab9594adc976cbe696ff3970728830b4c5ed698
 F src/test_wsd.c 41cadfd9d97fe8e3e4e44f61a4a8ccd6f7ca8fe9
+F src/threads.c b9daffcb6ae3a9c080da37b905e790d45a8f99db
 F src/tokenize.c 6da2de6e12218ccb0aea5184b56727d011f4bee7
 F src/trigger.c 66f3470b03b52b395e839155786966e3e037fddb
 F src/update.c 5b3e74a03b3811e586b4f2b4cbd7c49f01c93115
 F src/utf.c 6dc9ec9f1b3db43ae8ba0365377f11df1ee4c01c
-F src/util.c c46c90459ef9bdc0c6c73803cf4c55425b4771cf
+F src/util.c 2b5fb283a190aacdb286f7835a447c45b345b83c
 F src/vacuum.c 3728d74919d4fb1356f9e9a13e27773db60b7179
-F src/vdbe.c bf284edea1cee0508dc93c79a73498e0f317edb7
+F src/vdbe.c 89ab2ded5123e823b47293aedd7931a4742fb6bd
 F src/vdbe.h 394464909ed682334aa3d5831aae0c2fe2abef94
-F src/vdbeInt.h e6d83e5bfd62fc6685ba1ed6153f7099f82de9f7
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 F src/vdbeapi.c 0ed6053f947edd0b30f64ce5aeb811872a3450a4
-F src/vdbeaux.c e493f38758c4b8f4ca2007cf6a700bd405d192f3
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 F src/vdbeblob.c 9205ce9d3b064d9600f8418a897fc88b5687d9ac
 F src/vdbemem.c 6fc77594c60f6155404f3f8d71bf36d1fdeb4447
-F src/vdbesort.c 4abb7c0f8f19b7d7d82f4558d5da1a30fdf9ea38
+F src/vdbesort.c b36070436d33372237541e9eaa6068e1a61bc402
 F src/vdbetrace.c 6f52bc0c51e144b7efdcfb2a8f771167a8816767
 F src/vtab.c 21b932841e51ebd7d075e2d0ad1415dce8d2d5fd
 F src/wal.c 76e7fc6de229bea8b30bb2539110f03a494dc3a8
 F src/wal.h df01efe09c5cb8c8e391ff1715cca294f89668a4
 F src/walker.c 11edb74d587bc87b33ca96a5173e3ec1b8389e45
-F src/where.c 3b127bdc24b7aa84ffa69729170be11555cd7733
-F src/whereInt.h 929c1349b5355fd44f22cee5c14d72b3329c58a6
+F src/where.c 91dfd382273c3f67fcdc0ac4728f9140f91c6ab3
+F src/whereInt.h 6804c2e5010378568c2bb1350477537755296a46
 F test/8_3_names.test ebbb5cd36741350040fd28b432ceadf495be25b2
 F test/aggerror.test a867e273ef9e3d7919f03ef4f0e8c0d2767944f2
 F test/aggnested.test 45c0201e28045ad38a530b5a144b73cd4aa2cfd6
@@ -305,13 +307,13 @@ F test/alter4.test d6c011fa0d6227abba762498cafbb607c9609e93
 F test/altermalloc.test e81ac9657ed25c6c5bb09bebfa5a047cd8e4acfc
 F test/amatch1.test b5ae7065f042b7f4c1c922933f4700add50cdb9f
 F test/analyze.test 1772936d66471c65221e437b6d1999c3a03166c4
-F test/analyze3.test 412f690dfe95b337475e3e78a84a85d25f6f125d
+F test/analyze3.test bf41f0f680dd1e0d44eed5e769531e93a5320275
 F test/analyze4.test eff2df19b8dd84529966420f29ea52edc6b56213
 F test/analyze5.test 765c4e284aa69ca172772aa940946f55629bc8c4
 F test/analyze6.test d31defa011a561b938b4608d3538c1b4e0b5e92c
 F test/analyze7.test bb1409afc9e8629e414387ef048b8e0e3e0bdc4f
 F test/analyze8.test 093d15c1c888eed5034304a98c992f7360130b88
-F test/analyze9.test e072a5172d55afcba98d6ca6a219ce8878c2f5c9
+F test/analyze9.test 623e02a99a78fa12fe5def2fd559032d5d887e0f
 F test/analyzeA.test 1a5c40079894847976d983ca39c707aaa44b6944
 F test/analyzeB.test 8bf35ee0a548aea831bf56762cb8e7fdb1db083d
 F test/async.test 1d0e056ba1bb9729283a0f22718d3a25e82c277b
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ F test/auth.test 5bdf154eb28c0e4bbc0473f335858c0d96171768
 F test/auth2.test c3b415b76c033bedb81292118fb7c01f5f10cbcd
 F test/auth3.test a4755e6a2a2fea547ffe63c874eb569e60a28eb5
 F test/autoinc.test c58912526998a39e11f66b533e23cfabea7f25b7
-F test/autoindex1.test d4dfe14001dfcb74cfbd7107f45a79fc1ab6183e
+F test/autoindex1.test 762ff3f8e25d852aae55c6462ca166a80c0cde61
 F test/autovacuum.test 941892505d2c0f410a0cb5970dfa1c7c4e5f6e74
 F test/autovacuum_ioerr2.test 8a367b224183ad801e0e24dcb7d1501f45f244b4
 F test/avtrans.test 0252654f4295ddda3b2cce0e894812259e655a85
@@ -406,6 +408,7 @@ F test/corruptF.test be9fde98e4c93648f1ba52b74e5318edc8f59fe4
 F test/corruptG.test 1ab3bf97ee7bdba70e0ff3ba2320657df55d1804
 F test/corruptH.test 88ed71a086e13591c917aac6de32750e7c7281cb
 F test/corruptI.test b3e4203d420490fc3d3062711597bc1dea06a789
+F test/cost.test 04842adec34311d70c3f3c5fd698b22be54138fd
 F test/count.test 42a251178e32f617eda33f76236a7f79825a50b5
 F test/coveridxscan.test cdb47d01acc4a634a34fd25abe85189e0d0f1e62
 F test/crash.test fb9dc4a02dcba30d4aa5c2c226f98b220b2b959f
@@ -433,12 +436,12 @@ F test/descidx3.test 09ddbe3f5295f482d2f8b687cf6db8bad7acd9a2
 F test/diskfull.test 106391384780753ea6896b7b4f005d10e9866b6e
 F test/distinct.test 086e70c765f172e8974e9f83b9ac5ca03c154e77
 F test/distinctagg.test 1a6ef9c87a58669438fc771450d7a72577417376
-F test/e_createtable.test ee95d48664503d40f6cc9ef4a7d03216188e2ada
+F test/e_createtable.test ed82efcedc4b3656b27a5fcd12335cdb7e20eeee
 F test/e_delete.test d5186e2f5478b659f16a2c8b66c09892823e542a
 F test/e_droptrigger.test 3cd080807622c13e5bbb61fc9a57bd7754da2412
 F test/e_dropview.test 0c9f7f60989164a70a67a9d9c26d1083bc808306
 F test/e_expr.test 5c71d183fbf519a4769fd2e2124afdc70b5b1f42
-F test/e_fkey.test 630597377549af579d34faaf64c6959a5a68ef76
+F test/e_fkey.test a1783fe1f759e1990e6a11adfcf0702dac4d0707
 F test/e_fts3.test 5c02288842e4f941896fd44afdef564dd5fc1459
 F test/e_insert.test 1e44f84d2abe44d66e4fbf198be4b20e3cc724a0
 F test/e_reindex.test 396b7b4f0a66863b4e95116a67d93b227193e589
@@ -452,7 +455,7 @@ F test/enc.test e54531cd6bf941ee6760be041dff19a104c7acea
 F test/enc2.test 83437a79ba1545a55fb549309175c683fb334473
 F test/enc3.test 90683ad0e6ea587b9d5542ca93568af9a9858c40
 F test/enc4.test c8f1ce3618508fd0909945beb8b8831feef2c020
-F test/eqp.test 57c6c604c2807fb5531731c5323133453c24afac
+F test/eqp.test 90b56d03a93a2e7bb90f88be6083a8ea53f11a0e
 F test/errmsg.test f31592a594b44ee121371d25ddd5d63497bb3401
 F test/eval.test bc269c365ba877554948441e91ad5373f9f91be3
 F test/exclusive.test c7ebbc756eacf544c108b15eed64d7d4e5f86b75
@@ -610,7 +613,7 @@ F test/index2.test ee83c6b5e3173a3d7137140d945d9a5d4fdfb9d6
 F test/index3.test 55a90cff99834305e8141df7afaef39674b57062
 F test/index4.test ab92e736d5946840236cd61ac3191f91a7856bf6
 F test/index5.test fc07c14193c0430814e7a08b5da46888ee795c33
-F test/index6.test a0a2d286ffa6d35813f5003fdb7be124825b4422
+F test/index6.test fb370966ac3cd0989053dd5385757b5c3e24ab6a
 F test/index7.test a3baf9a625bda7fd49471e99aeae04095fbfeecf
 F test/indexedby.test b2f22f3e693a53813aa3f50b812eb609ba6df1ec
 F test/indexfault.test 31d4ab9a7d2f6e9616933eb079722362a883eb1d
@@ -662,7 +665,7 @@ F test/lock_common.tcl 0c270b121d40959fa2f3add382200c27045b3d95
 F test/lookaside.test 93f07bac140c5bb1d49f3892d2684decafdc7af2
 F test/main.test 39c4bb8a157f57298ed1659d6df89d9f35aaf2c8
 F test/make-where7.tcl 05c16b5d4f5d6512881dfec560cb793915932ef9
-F test/malloc.test fd368e31fe98d4779ed80442f311ed9f03bcd1f7
+F test/malloc.test ada8ae15193ffc6415bf431a6db31d4ec507dbfe
 F test/malloc3.test e3b32c724b5a124b57cb0ed177f675249ad0c66a
 F test/malloc4.test 957337613002b7058a85116493a262f679f3a261
 F test/malloc5.test fafce0aa9157060445cd1a56ad50fc79d82f28c3
@@ -670,7 +673,7 @@ F test/malloc6.test 2f039d9821927eacae43e1831f815e157659a151
 F test/malloc7.test 7c68a32942858bc715284856c5507446bba88c3a
 F test/malloc8.test 9b7a3f8cb9cf0b12fff566e80a980b1767bd961d
 F test/malloc9.test 2307c6ee3703b0a21391f3ea92388b4b73f9105e
-F test/mallocA.test 1ba0367fb5434e7bc2fa4afcb30b14174d91b160
+F test/mallocA.test c049224adeb0244b8f6eb770c1fa6ac40f9b3518
 F test/mallocAll.test 98f1be74bc9f49a858bc4f361fc58e26486798be
 F test/mallocB.test bc475ab850cda896142ab935bbfbc74c24e51ed6
 F test/mallocC.test 3dffe16532f109293ce1ccecd0c31dca55ef08c4
@@ -722,8 +725,9 @@ F test/orderby1.test 9b524aff9147288da43a6d7ddfdcff47fa2303c6
 F test/orderby2.test bc11009f7cd99d96b1b11e57b199b00633eb5b04
 F test/orderby3.test 8619d06a3debdcd80a27c0fdea5c40b468854b99
 F test/orderby4.test 4d39bfbaaa3ae64d026ca2ff166353d2edca4ba4
-F test/orderby5.test 2490183fef54417209d1df253633a605d46bd350
+F test/orderby5.test 8f08a54836d21fb7c70245360751aedd1c2286fb
 F test/orderby6.test 8b38138ab0972588240b3fca0985d2e400432859
+F test/orderby7.test 3d1383d52ade5b9eb3a173b3147fdd296f0202da
 F test/oserror.test 50417780d0e0d7cd23cf12a8277bb44024765df3
 F test/pager1.test 1acbdb14c5952a72dd43129cabdbf69aaa3ed1fa
 F test/pager2.test 67b8f40ae98112bcdba1f2b2d03ea83266418c71
@@ -737,7 +741,7 @@ F test/pagesize.test 1dd51367e752e742f58e861e65ed7390603827a0
 F test/pcache.test b09104b03160aca0d968d99e8cd2c5b1921a993d
 F test/pcache2.test a83efe2dec0d392f814bfc998def1d1833942025
 F test/percentile.test b98fc868d71eb5619d42a1702e9ab91718cbed54
-F test/permutations.test 40add071ba71aefe1c04f5845308cf46f7de8d04
+F test/permutations.test 33e7e239ba494fdb30e2f4ffc64c508b145ff42f
 F test/pragma.test adb21a90875bc54a880fa939c4d7c46598905aa0
 F test/pragma2.test aea7b3d82c76034a2df2b38a13745172ddc0bc13
 F test/printf.test ec9870c4dce8686a37818e0bf1aba6e6a1863552
@@ -786,7 +790,7 @@ F test/select6.test e76bd10a56988f15726c097a5d5a7966fe82d3b2
 F test/select7.test 7fd2ef598cfabb6b9ff6ac13973b91d0527df49d
 F test/select8.test 391de11bdd52339c30580dabbbbe97e3e9a3c79d
 F test/select9.test aebc2bb0c3bc44606125033cbcaac2c8d1f33a95
-F test/selectA.test 77adaffe9704cb80e301ebaeff4b107b58d435c5
+F test/selectA.test 64b88a80271c1710966e50e633380696b60a12a4
 F test/selectB.test 954e4e49cf1f896d61794e440669e03a27ceea25
 F test/selectC.test 871fb55d884d3de5943c4057ebd22c2459e71977
 F test/selectD.test b0f02a04ef7737decb24e08be2c39b9664b43394
@@ -810,13 +814,18 @@ F test/shell3.test 5e8545ec72c4413a0e8d4c6be56496e3c257ca29
 F test/shell4.test aa4eef8118b412d1a01477a53426ece169ea86a9
 F test/shell5.test bb755ea9144b8078a752fc56223582627070b5f1
 F test/shortread1.test bb591ef20f0fd9ed26d0d12e80eee6d7ac8897a3
+F test/show_speedtest1_rtree.tcl 32e6c5f073d7426148a6936a0408f4b5b169aba5
 F test/shrink.test 8c70f62b6e8eb4d54533de6d65bd06b1b9a17868
 F test/sidedelete.test f0ad71abe6233e3b153100f3b8d679b19a488329
 F test/skipscan1.test bed8cbe9d554c8c27afb6c88500f704c86a9196f
-F test/skipscan2.test 5a4db0799c338ddbacb154aaa5589c0254b36a8d
+F test/skipscan2.test d77f79cdbba25f0f6f35298136cff21a7d7a553a
 F test/soak.test 0b5b6375c9f4110c828070b826b3b4b0bb65cd5f
 F test/softheap1.test 40562fe6cac6d9827b7b42b86d45aedf12c15e24
-F test/sort.test 0e4456e729e5a92a625907c63dcdedfbe72c5dc5
+F test/sort.test 688468cef8c9a66fcc1d54235de8e4deac745690
+F test/sort2.test c5e25eb674689e291d06b5209fe8d337ae0ec010
+F test/sort3.test 6178ade30810ac9166fcdf14b7065e49c0f534e2
+F test/sort4.test 971452fd4e2928e6fc05c3868396ad7d5f9ce2ad
+F test/sortfault.test 1a12b6e27d475f50658a8164aaa34f0080a86b36
 F test/speed1.test f2974a91d79f58507ada01864c0e323093065452
 F test/speed1p.explain d841e650a04728b39e6740296b852dccdca9b2cb
 F test/speed1p.test b180e98609c7677382cf618c0ec9b69f789033a8
@@ -825,7 +834,7 @@ F test/speed3.test d32043614c08c53eafdc80f33191d5bd9b920523
 F test/speed4.test abc0ad3399dcf9703abed2fff8705e4f8e416715
 F test/speed4p.explain 6b5f104ebeb34a038b2f714150f51d01143e59aa
 F test/speed4p.test 0e51908951677de5a969b723e03a27a1c45db38b
-F test/speedtest1.c 90446861e566a9965a8d005381a3c964ff333646
+F test/speedtest1.c f452891e50571627f7060c0e1262359127055717
 F test/spellfix.test 61309f5efbec53603b3f86457d34a504f80abafe
 F test/sqllimits1.test b1aae27cc98eceb845e7f7adf918561256e31298
 F test/stat.test 76fd746b85459e812a0193410fb599f0531f22de
@@ -845,7 +854,7 @@ F test/tclsqlite.test 37a61c2da7e3bfe3b8c1a2867199f6b860df5d43
 F test/tempdb.test 19d0f66e2e3eeffd68661a11c83ba5e6ace9128c
 F test/temptable.test d2c9b87a54147161bcd1822e30c1d1cd891e5b30
 F test/temptrigger.test 8ec228b0db5d7ebc4ee9b458fc28cb9e7873f5e1
-F test/tester.tcl f31bea1483ea1d39620f982130026e76f872d744
+F test/tester.tcl bc0889a2f86d9c17307992ca1e70391794780265
 F test/thread001.test 9f22fd3525a307ff42a326b6bc7b0465be1745a5
 F test/thread002.test e630504f8a06c00bf8bbe68528774dd96aeb2e58
 F test/thread003.test ee4c9efc3b86a6a2767516a37bd64251272560a7
@@ -905,6 +914,7 @@ F test/tkt-d11f09d36e.test d999b548fef885d1d1afa49a0e8544ecf436869d
 F test/tkt-d635236375.test 9d37e988b47d87505bc9445be0ca447002df5d09
 F test/tkt-d82e3f3721.test bcc0dfba658d15bab30fd4a9320c9e35d214ce30
 F test/tkt-f3e5abed55.test d5a0126118142d13e27f6ce9f4c47096e9321c00
+F test/tkt-f67b41381a.test a23bc124c981662db712167bacd0ed8ad11abac9
 F test/tkt-f777251dc7a.test af6531446c64bfd268416f07b4df7be7f9c749d2
 F test/tkt-f7b4edec.test d998a08ff2b18b7f62edce8e3044317c45efe6c7
 F test/tkt-f973c7ac31.test 28ef85c7f015477916795246d8286aeda39d4ead
@@ -1022,7 +1032,7 @@ F test/types2.test 3555aacf8ed8dc883356e59efc314707e6247a84
 F test/types3.test 99e009491a54f4dc02c06bdbc0c5eea56ae3e25a
 F test/unique.test 93f8b2ef5ea51b9495f8d6493429b1fd0f465264
 F test/unixexcl.test cd6c765f75e50e8e2c2ba763149e5d340ea19825
-F test/unordered.test ef85ac8f2f3c93ed2b9e811b684de73175fc464c
+F test/unordered.test ca7adce0419e4ca0c50f039885e76ed2c531eda8
 F test/update.test 1b6c488a8f993d090b7ee9ad0e234faa161b3aeb
 F test/uri.test 23662b7b61958b0f0e47082de7d06341ccf85d5b
 F test/utf16align.test 54cd35a27c005a9b6e7815d887718780b6a462ae
@@ -1052,7 +1062,7 @@ F test/vtab_alter.test 9e374885248f69e251bdaacf480b04a197f125e5
 F test/vtab_err.test 0d4d8eb4def1d053ac7c5050df3024fd47a3fbd8
 F test/vtab_shared.test ea8778d5b0df200adef2ca7c00c3c37d4375f772
 F test/wal.test 885f32b2b390b30b4aa3dbb0e568f8f78d40f5cc
-F test/wal2.test a8e3963abf6b232cf0b852b09b53665ef34007af
+F test/wal2.test 1f841d2048080d32f552942e333fd99ce541dada
 F test/wal3.test b22eb662bcbc148c5f6d956eaf94b047f7afe9c0
 F test/wal4.test 4744e155cd6299c6bd99d3eab1c82f77db9cdb3c
 F test/wal5.test 8f888b50f66b78821e61ed0e233ded5de378224b
@@ -1079,7 +1089,7 @@ F test/walslow.test e7be6d9888f83aa5d3d3c7c08aa9b5c28b93609a
 F test/walthread.test de8dbaf6d9e41481c460ba31ca61e163d7348f8e
 F test/where.test 28b64e93428961b07b0d486778d63fd672948f6b
 F test/where2.test 455a2eb2666e66c1e84e2cb5815173a85e6237db
-F test/where3.test d28c51f257e60be30f74308fa385ceeddfb54a6e
+F test/where3.test 1ad55ba900bd7747f98b6082e65bd3e442c5004e
 F test/where4.test d8420ceeb8323a41ceff1f1841fc528e824e1ecf
 F test/where5.test fdf66f96d29a064b63eb543e28da4dfdccd81ad2
 F test/where6.test 5da5a98cec820d488e82708301b96cb8c18a258b
@@ -1093,7 +1103,7 @@ F test/whereC.test d6f4ecd4fa2d9429681a5b22a25d2bda8e86ab8a
 F test/whereD.test fd9120e262f9da3c45940f52aefeef4d15b904e5
 F test/whereE.test b3a055eef928c992b0a33198a7b8dc10eea5ad2f
 F test/whereF.test 5b2ba0dbe8074aa13e416b37c753991f0a2492d7
-F test/whereG.test 2533b72ed4a31fd1687230a499b557b911525344
+F test/whereG.test 0ac23e5e8311b69d87245f4a85112de321031658
 F test/whereH.test e4b07f7a3c2f5d31195cd33710054c78667573b2
 F test/wherelimit.test 5e9fd41e79bb2b2d588ed999d641d9c965619b31
 F test/wild001.test bca33f499866f04c24510d74baf1e578d4e44b1c
@@ -1123,14 +1133,14 @@ F tool/genfkey.test 4196a8928b78f51d54ef58e99e99401ab2f0a7e5
 F tool/getlock.c f4c39b651370156cae979501a7b156bdba50e7ce
 F tool/lemon.c 07aba6270d5a5016ba8107b09e431eea4ecdc123
 F tool/lempar.c 01ca97f87610d1dac6d8cd96ab109ab1130e76dc
-F tool/logest.c 388c318c7ac8b52b7c08ca1e2de0f4ca9a8f7e81
+F tool/logest.c eef612f8adf4d0993dafed0416064cf50d5d33c6
 F tool/mkautoconfamal.sh f8d8dbf7d62f409ebed5134998bf5b51d7266383
 F tool/mkkeywordhash.c c9e05e4a7bcab8fab9f583d5b321fb72f565ad97
 F tool/mkopts.tcl 66ac10d240cc6e86abd37dc908d50382f84ff46e
 F tool/mkpragmatab.tcl 78a77b2c554d534c6f2dc903130186ed15715460
 F tool/mkspeedsql.tcl a1a334d288f7adfe6e996f2e712becf076745c97
-F tool/mksqlite3c-noext.tcl 8bce31074e4cbe631bb7676526a048335f4c9f02
-F tool/mksqlite3c.tcl ed5b4e9ca8bf209ff401059a16362f37710fd8b8
+F tool/mksqlite3c-noext.tcl 752f1a9d3287f6c0ef5738b1c4add0b96fbe0854
+F tool/mksqlite3c.tcl 8da823522f27608494997e1dba19cd426572ba80
 F tool/mksqlite3h.tcl ba24038056f51fde07c0079c41885ab85e2cff12
 F tool/mksqlite3internalh.tcl 3dca7bb5374cee003379b8cbac73714f610ef795
 F tool/mkvsix.tcl 6477fb9dab838b7eea1eed50658ff1cda04850b5
@@ -1161,10 +1171,7 @@ F tool/vdbe_profile.tcl 67746953071a9f8f2f668b73fe899074e2c6d8c1
 F tool/warnings-clang.sh f6aa929dc20ef1f856af04a730772f59283631d4
 F tool/warnings.sh d1a6de74685f360ab718efda6265994b99bbea01
 F tool/win/sqlite.vsix 030f3eeaf2cb811a3692ab9c14d021a75ce41fff
-P 65d2544af9adc1e2f1d193e57f8be0422fb0d5eb
-R 65a7ac109a1878f6dcc92cd296f64cbc
-T *branch * five-digit-year
-T *sym-five-digit-year *
-T -sym-trunk *
-U drh
-Z 20a358e6aab334ebda712a29750f60b8
+P dc7f84dfcc8415fad4af041fd30c20b3fd91be45
+R dab57784c4183d6467c4fe813ebf5ee5
+U mistachkin
+Z bd4d9a5acb160a48faa7ad2a8521ce0e
@@ -1 +1 @@
-2029a396dcdb928f79780ec80c808fda6e3285a1
+360c0fd1cf9db5f1e4f670a4b95971daaeaa5879
@@ -1371,6 +1371,7 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
  char *zIntArray,       /* String containing int array to decode */
  int nOut,              /* Number of slots in aOut[] */
  tRowcnt *aOut,         /* Store integers here */
+  LogEst *aLog,          /* Or, if aOut==0, here */
  Index *pIndex          /* Handle extra flags for this index, if not NULL */
 ){
  char *z = zIntArray;
@@ -1389,7 +1390,17 @@ static void decodeIntArray(
      v = v*10 + c - '0';
      z++;
    }
-    aOut[i] = v;
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+    if( aOut ){
+      aOut[i] = v;
+    }else
+#else
+    assert( aOut==0 );
+    UNUSED_PARAMETER(aOut);
+#endif
+    {
+      aLog[i] = sqlite3LogEst(v);
+    }
    if( *z==' ' ) z++;
  }
 #ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
@@ -1445,12 +1456,12 @@ static int analysisLoader(void *pData, int argc, char **argv, char **NotUsed){
  z = argv[2];

  if( pIndex ){
-    decodeIntArray((char*)z, pIndex->nKeyCol+1, pIndex->aiRowEst, pIndex);
-    if( pIndex->pPartIdxWhere==0 ) pTable->nRowEst = pIndex->aiRowEst[0];
+    decodeIntArray((char*)z, pIndex->nKeyCol+1, 0, pIndex->aiRowLogEst, pIndex);
+    if( pIndex->pPartIdxWhere==0 ) pTable->nRowLogEst = pIndex->aiRowLogEst[0];
  }else{
    Index fakeIdx;
    fakeIdx.szIdxRow = pTable->szTabRow;
-    decodeIntArray((char*)z, 1, &pTable->nRowEst, &fakeIdx);
+    decodeIntArray((char*)z, 1, 0, &pTable->nRowLogEst, &fakeIdx);
    pTable->szTabRow = fakeIdx.szIdxRow;
  }

@@ -1642,9 +1653,9 @@ static int loadStatTbl(
      pPrevIdx = pIdx;
    }
    pSample = &pIdx->aSample[pIdx->nSample];
-    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,1), nCol, pSample->anEq, 0);
-    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2), nCol, pSample->anLt, 0);
-    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,3), nCol, pSample->anDLt,0);
+    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,1),nCol,pSample->anEq,0,0);
+    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2),nCol,pSample->anLt,0,0);
+    decodeIntArray((char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,3),nCol,pSample->anDLt,0,0);

    /* Take a copy of the sample. Add two 0x00 bytes the end of the buffer.
    ** This is in case the sample record is corrupted. In that case, the
@@ -4609,7 +4609,7 @@ int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(

  if( pIdxKey ){
    xRecordCompare = sqlite3VdbeFindCompare(pIdxKey);
-    pIdxKey->isCorrupt = 0;
+    pIdxKey->errCode = 0;
    assert( pIdxKey->default_rc==1 
         || pIdxKey->default_rc==0 
         || pIdxKey->default_rc==-1
@@ -4733,7 +4733,10 @@ int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
          c = xRecordCompare(nCell, pCellKey, pIdxKey, 0);
          sqlite3_free(pCellKey);
        }
-        assert( pIdxKey->isCorrupt==0 || c==0 );
+        assert( 
+            (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_CORRUPT || c==0)
+         && (pIdxKey->errCode!=SQLITE_NOMEM || pCur->pBtree->db->mallocFailed)
+        );
        if( c<0 ){
          lwr = idx+1;
        }else if( c>0 ){
@@ -4743,7 +4746,7 @@ int sqlite3BtreeMovetoUnpacked(
          *pRes = 0;
          rc = SQLITE_OK;
          pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = (u16)idx;
-          if( pIdxKey->isCorrupt ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
+          if( pIdxKey->errCode ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
          goto moveto_finish;
        }
        if( lwr>upr ) break;
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ void sqlite3StartTable(
  pTable->iPKey = -1;
  pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
  pTable->nRef = 1;
-  pTable->nRowEst = 1048576;
+  pTable->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
  assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
  pParse->pNewTable = pTable;

@@ -2669,7 +2669,7 @@ static void sqlite3RefillIndex(Parse *pParse, Index *pIndex, int memRootPage){

  /* Open the sorter cursor if we are to use one. */
  iSorter = pParse->nTab++;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen, iSorter, 0, 0, (char*)
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_SorterOpen, iSorter, 0, pIndex->nKeyCol, (char*)
                    sqlite3KeyInfoRef(pKey), P4_KEYINFO);

  /* Open the table. Loop through all rows of the table, inserting index
@@ -2730,15 +2730,15 @@ Index *sqlite3AllocateIndexObject(

  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(Index)) +              /* Index structure  */
          ROUND8(sizeof(char*)*nCol) +         /* Index.azColl     */
-          ROUND8(sizeof(tRowcnt)*(nCol+1) +    /* Index.aiRowEst   */
+          ROUND8(sizeof(LogEst)*(nCol+1) +     /* Index.aiRowLogEst   */
                 sizeof(i16)*nCol +            /* Index.aiColumn   */
                 sizeof(u8)*nCol);             /* Index.aSortOrder */
  p = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, nByte + nExtra);
  if( p ){
    char *pExtra = ((char*)p)+ROUND8(sizeof(Index));
-    p->azColl = (char**)pExtra;      pExtra += ROUND8(sizeof(char*)*nCol);
-    p->aiRowEst = (tRowcnt*)pExtra;  pExtra += sizeof(tRowcnt)*(nCol+1);
-    p->aiColumn = (i16*)pExtra;      pExtra += sizeof(i16)*nCol;
+    p->azColl = (char**)pExtra;       pExtra += ROUND8(sizeof(char*)*nCol);
+    p->aiRowLogEst = (LogEst*)pExtra; pExtra += sizeof(LogEst)*(nCol+1);
+    p->aiColumn = (i16*)pExtra;       pExtra += sizeof(i16)*nCol;
    p->aSortOrder = (u8*)pExtra;
    p->nColumn = nCol;
    p->nKeyCol = nCol - 1;
@@ -2968,7 +2968,7 @@ Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    goto exit_create_index;
  }
-  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pIndex->aiRowEst) );
+  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pIndex->aiRowLogEst) );
  assert( EIGHT_BYTE_ALIGNMENT(pIndex->azColl) );
  pIndex->zName = zExtra;
  zExtra += nName + 1;
@@ -3018,7 +3018,7 @@ Index *sqlite3CreateIndex(
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      goto exit_create_index;
    }
-    assert( pTab->nCol<=0x7fff && j<=0x7fff );
+    assert( j<=0x7fff );
    pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    if( pListItem->pExpr ){
      int nColl;
@@ -3249,7 +3249,7 @@ exit_create_index:
 ** Since we do not know, guess 1 million.  aiRowEst[1] is an estimate of the
 ** number of rows in the table that match any particular value of the
 ** first column of the index.  aiRowEst[2] is an estimate of the number
-** of rows that match any particular combiniation of the first 2 columns
+** of rows that match any particular combination of the first 2 columns
 ** of the index.  And so forth.  It must always be the case that
 *
 **           aiRowEst[N]<=aiRowEst[N-1]
@@ -3260,20 +3260,27 @@ exit_create_index:
 ** are based on typical values found in actual indices.
 */
 void sqlite3DefaultRowEst(Index *pIdx){
-  tRowcnt *a = pIdx->aiRowEst;
+  /*                10,  9,  8,  7,  6 */
+  LogEst aVal[] = { 33, 32, 30, 28, 26 };
+  LogEst *a = pIdx->aiRowLogEst;
+  int nCopy = MIN(ArraySize(aVal), pIdx->nKeyCol);
  int i;
-  tRowcnt n;
-  assert( a!=0 );
-  a[0] = pIdx->pTable->nRowEst;
-  if( a[0]<10 ) a[0] = 10;
-  n = 10;
-  for(i=1; i<=pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
-    a[i] = n;
-    if( n>5 ) n--;
-  }
-  if( pIdx->onError!=OE_None ){
-    a[pIdx->nKeyCol] = 1;
+
+  /* Set the first entry (number of rows in the index) to the estimated 
+  ** number of rows in the table. Or 10, if the estimated number of rows 
+  ** in the table is less than that.  */
+  a[0] = pIdx->pTable->nRowLogEst;
+  if( a[0]<33 ) a[0] = 33;        assert( 33==sqlite3LogEst(10) );
+
+  /* Estimate that a[1] is 10, a[2] is 9, a[3] is 8, a[4] is 7, a[5] is
+  ** 6 and each subsequent value (if any) is 5.  */
+  memcpy(&a[1], aVal, nCopy*sizeof(LogEst));
+  for(i=nCopy+1; i<=pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
+    a[i] = 23;                    assert( 23==sqlite3LogEst(5) );
  }
+
+  assert( 0==sqlite3LogEst(1) );
+  if( pIdx->onError!=OE_None ) a[pIdx->nKeyCol] = 0;
 }

 /*
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ static void computeJD(DateTime *p){
  }
  A = Y/100;
  B = 2 - A + (A/4);
-  X1 = 365*(Y+4716) + 25*(Y+4716)/100;
+  X1 = 36525*(Y+4716)/100;
  X2 = 306001*(M+1)/10000;
  p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)((X1 + X2 + D + B - 1524.5 ) * 86400000);
  p->validJD = 1;
@@ -258,23 +258,18 @@ static void computeJD(DateTime *p){
 */
 static int parseYyyyMmDd(const char *zDate, DateTime *p){
  int Y, M, D, neg;
-  char c;

  if( zDate[0]=='-' ){
    zDate++;
    neg = 1;
  }else{
    neg = 0;
-    if( zDate[0]=='+' ) zDate++;
  }
-  if( getDigits(zDate,4,0,9999,'-',&Y,2,1,12,'-',&M,2,1,31,0,&D)==3 ){
-    zDate += 10;
-  }else if( getDigits(zDate,5,0,99999,'-',&Y,2,1,12,'-',&M,2,1,31,0,&D)==3 ){
-    zDate += 11;
-  }else{
+  if( getDigits(zDate,4,0,9999,'-',&Y,2,1,12,'-',&M,2,1,31,0,&D)!=3 ){
    return 1;
  }
-  while( (c = zDate[0])=='T' || c=='t' || sqlite3Isspace(c) ){ zDate++; }
+  zDate += 10;
+  while( sqlite3Isspace(*zDate) || 'T'==*(u8*)zDate ){ zDate++; }
  if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
    /* We got the time */
  }else if( *zDate==0 ){
@@ -360,7 +355,7 @@ static void computeYMD(DateTime *p){
    A = Z + 1 + A - (A/4);
    B = A + 1524;
    C = (int)((B - 122.1)/365.25);
-    D = 365*C + (25*C)/100;
+    D = (36525*C)/100;
    E = (int)((B-D)/30.6001);
    X1 = (int)(30.6001*E);
    p->D = B - D - X1;
@@ -582,8 +577,19 @@ static int parseModifier(sqlite3_context *pCtx, const char *zMod, DateTime *p){
    }
 #endif
    case 'u': {
+      /*
+      **    unixepoch
+      **
+      ** Treat the current value of p->iJD as the number of
+      ** seconds since 1970.  Convert to a real julian day number.
+      */
+      if( strcmp(z, "unixepoch")==0 && p->validJD ){
+        p->iJD = (p->iJD + 43200)/86400 + 21086676*(i64)10000000;
+        clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
+        rc = 0;
+      }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-      if( strcmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
+      else if( strcmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
        sqlite3_int64 c1;
        computeJD(p);
        c1 = localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
@@ -755,7 +761,7 @@ static int isDate(
  sqlite3_value **argv, 
  DateTime *p
 ){
-  int i = 1;
+  int i;
  const unsigned char *z;
  int eType;
  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
@@ -764,14 +770,7 @@ static int isDate(
  }
  if( (eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]))==SQLITE_FLOAT
                   || eType==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
-    if( argc>=2 && sqlite3_value_type(argv[1])==SQLITE_TEXT
-       && strcmp((const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]),"unixepoch")==0 ){
-      i = 2;
-      p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])*1000.0) +
-                21086676*(i64)10000000;
-    }else{
-      p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])*86400000.0 + 0.5);
-    }
+    p->iJD = (sqlite3_int64)(sqlite3_value_double(argv[0])*86400000.0 + 0.5);
    p->validJD = 1;
  }else{
    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
@@ -779,8 +778,8 @@ static int isDate(
      return 1;
    }
  }
-  while( i<argc ){
-    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i++]);
+  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
+    z = sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    if( z==0 || parseModifier(context, (char*)z, p) ) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
@@ -809,27 +808,10 @@ static void juliandayFunc(
  }
 }

-/*
-** Render an ISO-8601 year value into the given buffer.  Return the
-** number of characters.
-**
-** Years are rendered differently depending on magnitude:
-**
-**      0..9999        YYYY
-**  10000..99999     +YYYYY
-**  -9999..-1         -YYYY
-** -99999..-10000    -YYYYY
-*/
-static int renderYear(char *zBuf, int Y){
-  sqlite3_snprintf(10, zBuf, Y<0 ? "%05d" : Y>=10000 ? "%+05d" : "%04d", Y);
-  return sqlite3Strlen30(zBuf);
-}
-
 /*
 **    datetime( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
 **
-** Return YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.  The YYYY might be +YYYYY or -YYYY or -YYYYY
-** depending on the year.
+** Return YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
 */
 static void datetimeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -838,12 +820,10 @@ static void datetimeFunc(
 ){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    int i;
    char zBuf[100];
    computeYMD_HMS(&x);
-    i = renderYear(zBuf, x.Y);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf)-i, zBuf+i, "-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
-                     x.M, x.D, x.h, x.m, (int)(x.s));
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d",
+                     x.Y, x.M, x.D, x.h, x.m, (int)(x.s));
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
 }
@@ -870,10 +850,7 @@ static void timeFunc(
 /*
 **    date( TIMESTRING, MOD, MOD, ...)
 **
-** Return   YYYY-MM-DD
-** or     +YYYYY-MM-DD
-** or      -YYYY-MM-DD
-** or     -YYYYY-MM-DD
+** Return YYYY-MM-DD
 */
 static void dateFunc(
  sqlite3_context *context,
@@ -882,11 +859,9 @@ static void dateFunc(
 ){
  DateTime x;
  if( isDate(context, argc, argv, &x)==0 ){
-    int i;
    char zBuf[100];
    computeYMD(&x);
-    i = renderYear(zBuf, x.Y);
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf)-i, zBuf+i, "-%02d-%02d", x.M, x.D);
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zBuf), zBuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", x.Y, x.M, x.D);
    sqlite3_result_text(context, zBuf, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
  }
 }
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ SQLITE_WSD struct Sqlite3Config sqlite3Config = {
   0,                         /* nPage */
   0,                         /* mxParserStack */
   0,                         /* sharedCacheEnabled */
+   SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS,  /* nWorker */
   /* All the rest should always be initialized to zero */
   0,                         /* isInit */
   0,                         /* inProgress */
@@ -1865,15 +1865,24 @@ static int xferOptimization(
    return 0;   /* Both tables must have the same INTEGER PRIMARY KEY */
  }
  for(i=0; i<pDest->nCol; i++){
-    if( pDest->aCol[i].affinity!=pSrc->aCol[i].affinity ){
+    Column *pDestCol = &pDest->aCol[i];
+    Column *pSrcCol = &pSrc->aCol[i];
+    if( pDestCol->affinity!=pSrcCol->affinity ){
      return 0;    /* Affinity must be the same on all columns */
    }
-    if( !xferCompatibleCollation(pDest->aCol[i].zColl, pSrc->aCol[i].zColl) ){
+    if( !xferCompatibleCollation(pDestCol->zColl, pSrcCol->zColl) ){
      return 0;    /* Collating sequence must be the same on all columns */
    }
-    if( pDest->aCol[i].notNull && !pSrc->aCol[i].notNull ){
+    if( pDestCol->notNull && !pSrcCol->notNull ){
      return 0;    /* tab2 must be NOT NULL if tab1 is */
    }
+    /* Default values for second and subsequent columns need to match. */
+    if( i>0
+     && ((pDestCol->zDflt==0)!=(pSrcCol->zDflt==0) 
+         || (pDestCol->zDflt && strcmp(pDestCol->zDflt, pSrcCol->zDflt)!=0))
+    ){
+      return 0;    /* Default values must be the same for all columns */
+    }
  }
  for(pDestIdx=pDest->pIndex; pDestIdx; pDestIdx=pDestIdx->pNext){
    if( pDestIdx->onError!=OE_None ){
@@ -515,6 +515,13 @@ int sqlite3_config(int op, ...){
    }
 #endif

+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS: {
+      int n = va_arg(ap, int);
+      if( n>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS ) n = SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS;
+      if( n>=0 ) sqlite3GlobalConfig.nWorker = n;
+      break;
+    }
+
    default: {
      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      break;
@@ -2497,6 +2504,7 @@ static int openDatabase(
  db->nextAutovac = -1;
  db->szMmap = sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap;
  db->nextPagesize = 0;
+  db->nMaxSorterMmap = 0x7FFFFFFF;
  db->flags |= SQLITE_ShortColNames | SQLITE_EnableTrigger | SQLITE_CacheSpill
 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX) || SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
                 | SQLITE_AutoIndex
@@ -3339,6 +3347,13 @@ int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...){
      break;
    }

+    /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP, db, nMax); */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP: {
+      sqlite3 *db = va_arg(ap, sqlite3*);
+      db->nMaxSorterMmap = va_arg(ap, int);
+      break;
+    }
+
  }
  va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BUILTIN_TEST */
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ int sqlite3MutexEnd(void){
 */
 sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3_mutex_alloc(int id){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  if( sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
+  if( id<=SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE && sqlite3_initialize() ) return 0;
 #endif
  return sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc(id);
 }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static int debugMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 ** that means that a mutex could not be allocated. 
 */
 static sqlite3_mutex *debugMutexAlloc(int id){
-  static sqlite3_debug_mutex aStatic[6];
+  static sqlite3_debug_mutex aStatic[8];
  sqlite3_debug_mutex *pNew = 0;
  switch( id ){
    case SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST:
@@ -96,10 +96,12 @@ static int pthreadMutexEnd(void){ return SQLITE_OK; }
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
@@ -133,6 +135,8 @@ static sqlite3_mutex *pthreadMutexAlloc(int iType){
    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
+    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
+    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
    SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
  };
  sqlite3_mutex *p;
@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ static int winMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
 /*
 ** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
 */
-static sqlite3_mutex winMutex_staticMutexes[6] = {
+static sqlite3_mutex winMutex_staticMutexes[] = {
+  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
+  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
  SQLITE3_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
@@ -159,10 +161,12 @@ static int winMutexEnd(void){
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
 ** </ul>
 **
 ** The first two constants cause sqlite3_mutex_alloc() to create
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@ struct winFile {
  sqlite3_int64 mmapSizeActual; /* Actual size of mapped region */
  sqlite3_int64 mmapSizeMax;    /* Configured FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE value */
 #endif
+  SQLiteThread *preCacheThread; /* Thread used to pre-cache file contents */
 };

 /*
@@ -948,11 +949,7 @@ static struct win_syscall {
 #define osWaitForSingleObject ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(HANDLE, \
        DWORD))aSyscall[63].pCurrent)

-#if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
  { "WaitForSingleObjectEx",   (SYSCALL)WaitForSingleObjectEx,   0 },
-#else
-  { "WaitForSingleObjectEx",   (SYSCALL)0,                       0 },
-#endif

 #define osWaitForSingleObjectEx ((DWORD(WINAPI*)(HANDLE,DWORD, \
        BOOL))aSyscall[64].pCurrent)
@@ -1048,6 +1045,11 @@ static struct win_syscall {
 #define osCreateFileMappingFromApp ((HANDLE(WINAPI*)(HANDLE, \
        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,ULONG,ULONG64,LPCWSTR))aSyscall[75].pCurrent)

+  { "DuplicateHandle",          (SYSCALL)DuplicateHandle,        0 },
+
+#define osDuplicateHandle ((BOOL(WINAPI*)(HANDLE, \
+        HANDLE,HANDLE,LPHANDLE,DWORD,BOOL,DWORD))aSyscall[76].pCurrent)
+
 }; /* End of the overrideable system calls */

 /*
@@ -1279,6 +1281,13 @@ void sqlite3_win32_sleep(DWORD milliseconds){
 #endif
 }

+DWORD sqlite3Win32Wait(HANDLE hObject){
+  DWORD rc;
+  while( (rc = osWaitForSingleObjectEx(hObject, INFINITE,
+                                       TRUE))==WAIT_IO_COMPLETION ){}
+  return rc;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Return true (non-zero) if we are running under WinNT, Win2K, WinXP,
 ** or WinCE.  Return false (zero) for Win95, Win98, or WinME.
@@ -2351,6 +2360,13 @@ static int winClose(sqlite3_file *id){
  assert( pFile->h!=NULL && pFile->h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE );
  OSTRACE(("CLOSE file=%p\n", pFile->h));

+#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
+  if( pFile->preCacheThread ){
+    void *pOut = 0;
+    sqlite3ThreadJoin(pFile->preCacheThread, &pOut);
+  }
+#endif
+
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
  winUnmapfile(pFile);
 #endif
@@ -3195,6 +3211,84 @@ static int winDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
         ((p->ctrlFlags & WINFILE_PSOW)?SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE:0);
 }

+#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
+/*
+** Thread routine that attempts to read the entire file.  This is used to
+** provide a hint to the operating system that the entire file should be held
+** in the cache.
+*/
+static void *winPreCacheThread(void *pCtx){
+  winFile *pFile = (winFile*)pCtx;
+  void *pBuf = 0;
+  DWORD lastErrno;
+  HANDLE dupHandle = NULL;
+  DWORD dwSize, dwRet;
+  DWORD dwAmt;
+  DWORD nRead;
+
+  if( !osDuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), pFile->h, GetCurrentProcess(),
+                         &dupHandle, 0, FALSE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS) ){
+    pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
+    OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR\n", dupHandle));
+    return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR, pFile->lastErrno,
+                                         "winPreCacheThread1", pFile->zPath));
+  }
+  dwSize = osSetFilePointer(dupHandle, 0, 0, FILE_END);
+  if( (dwSize==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
+      && ((lastErrno = osGetLastError())!=NO_ERROR)) ){
+    pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
+    osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+    OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK\n", dupHandle));
+    return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK, pFile->lastErrno,
+                                         "winPreCacheThread2", pFile->zPath));
+  }
+  dwRet = osSetFilePointer(dupHandle, 0, 0, FILE_BEGIN);
+  if( (dwRet==INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
+      && ((lastErrno = osGetLastError())!=NO_ERROR)) ){
+    pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
+    osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+    OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK\n", dupHandle));
+    return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK, pFile->lastErrno,
+                                         "winPreCacheThread3", pFile->zPath));
+  }
+  dwAmt = 4194304; /* TODO: Tuning. */
+  if( dwSize<dwAmt ){
+    dwAmt = dwSize;
+  }
+  pBuf = sqlite3MallocZero( dwAmt );
+  if( pBuf==0 ){
+    osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+    OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM\n", dupHandle));
+    return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM);
+  }
+  while( 1 ){
+    if( !osReadFile(dupHandle, pBuf, dwAmt, &nRead, 0) ){
+      pFile->lastErrno = osGetLastError();
+      sqlite3_free(pBuf);
+      osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+      OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_READ\n", dupHandle));
+      return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_READ, pFile->lastErrno,
+                                           "winPreCacheThread4", pFile->zPath));
+    }
+    if( nRead<dwAmt ){
+      sqlite3_free(pBuf);
+      osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+      OSTRACE(("PRE-CACHE file=%p, rc=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ\n", dupHandle));
+      return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ,
+                                           pFile->lastErrno,
+                                           "winPreCacheThread5", pFile->zPath));
+    }
+    dwSize -= dwAmt;
+    if( dwSize==0 ){
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pBuf);
+  osCloseHandle(dupHandle);
+  return SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(SQLITE_OK);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* 
 ** Windows will only let you create file view mappings
 ** on allocation size granularity boundaries.
@@ -4701,6 +4795,15 @@ static int winOpen(
  pFile->mmapSizeActual = 0;
  pFile->mmapSizeMax = sqlite3GlobalConfig.szMmap;
 #endif
+#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
+  sqlite3ThreadCreate(&pFile->preCacheThread, winPreCacheThread, pFile);
+
+  {
+    void *pOut = 0;
+    sqlite3ThreadJoin(pFile->preCacheThread, &pOut);
+    pFile->preCacheThread = 0;
+  }
+#endif

  OpenCounter(+1);
  return rc;
@@ -5419,7 +5522,7 @@ int sqlite3_os_init(void){

  /* Double-check that the aSyscall[] array has been constructed
  ** correctly.  See ticket [bb3a86e890c8e96ab] */
-  assert( ArraySize(aSyscall)==76 );
+  assert( ArraySize(aSyscall)==77 );

  /* get memory map allocation granularity */
  memset(&winSysInfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_INFO));
@@ -1488,13 +1488,15 @@ void sqlite3Pragma(
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, 2);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
                           (int)sqlite3LogEstToInt(pTab->szTabRow), 3);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, (int)pTab->nRowEst, 4);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 
+          (int)sqlite3LogEstToInt(pTab->nRowLogEst), 4);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 4);
      for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 2, 0, pIdx->zName, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer,
                             (int)sqlite3LogEstToInt(pIdx->szIdxRow), 3);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, (int)pIdx->aiRowEst[0], 4);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 
+            (int)sqlite3LogEstToInt(pIdx->aiRowLogEst[0]), 4);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 4);
      }
    }
@@ -455,26 +455,43 @@ static KeyInfo *keyInfoFromExprList(
 );

 /*
-** Insert code into "v" that will push the record in register regData
-** into the sorter.
+** Generate code that will push the record in registers regData
+** through regData+nData-1 onto the sorter.
 */
 static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
-  int regData            /* Register holding data to be sorted */
+  int regData,           /* First register holding data to be sorted */
+  int nData,             /* Number of elements in the data array */
+  int nPrefixReg         /* No. of reg prior to regData available for use */
 ){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;
-  int regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nExpr+2);
-  int regRecord = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;
-  int op;
-  sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+1, 1);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase+nOBSat, nExpr+2-nOBSat, regRecord);
+  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                         /* Stmt under construction */
+  int bSeq = ((pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter)==0);
+  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;              /* No. of ORDER BY terms */
+  int nBase = nExpr + bSeq + nData;                /* Fields in sorter record */
+  int regBase;                                     /* Regs for sorter record */
+  int regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;                  /* Assembled sorter record */
+  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;                      /* ORDER BY terms to skip */
+  int op;                            /* Opcode to add sorter record to sorter */
+
+  assert( bSeq==0 || bSeq==1 );
+  if( nPrefixReg ){
+    assert( nPrefixReg==nExpr+bSeq );
+    regBase = regData - nExpr - bSeq;
+  }else{
+    regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
+    pParse->nMem += nBase;
+  }
+  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
+  if( bSeq ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
+  }
+  if( nPrefixReg==0 ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regBase+nOBSat, nBase-nOBSat, regRecord);
  if( nOBSat>0 ){
    int regPrevKey;   /* The first nOBSat columns of the previous row */
    int addrFirst;    /* Address of the OP_IfNot opcode */
@@ -485,12 +502,17 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(

    regPrevKey = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += pSort->nOBSat;
-    nKey = nExpr - pSort->nOBSat + 1;
-    addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    nKey = nExpr - pSort->nOBSat + bSeq;
+    if( bSeq ){
+      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfNot, regBase+nExpr); 
+    }else{
+      addrFirst = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SequenceTest, pSort->iECursor);
+    }
+    VdbeCoverage(v);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Compare, regPrevKey, regBase, pSort->nOBSat);
    pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, pSort->addrSortIndex);
    if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
-    pOp->p2 = nKey + 1;
+    pOp->p2 = nKey + nData;
    pKI = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nField); /* Makes OP_Jump below testable */
    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKI, P4_KEYINFO);
@@ -511,10 +533,6 @@ static void pushOntoSorter(
    op = OP_IdxInsert;
  }
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, op, pSort->iECursor, regRecord);
-  if( nOBSat==0 ){
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
-    sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regBase, nExpr+2);
-  }
  if( pSelect->iLimit ){
    int addr1, addr2;
    int iLimit;
@@ -629,6 +647,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;   /* How to dispose of results */
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm; /* First argument to disposal method */
  int nResultCol;             /* Number of result columns */
+  int nPrefixReg = 0;         /* Number of extra registers before regResult */

  assert( v );
  assert( pEList!=0 );
@@ -644,6 +663,11 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
  nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;

  if( pDest->iSdst==0 ){
+    if( pSort ){
+      nPrefixReg = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;
+      if( !(pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter) ) nPrefixReg++;
+      pParse->nMem += nPrefixReg;
+    }
    pDest->iSdst = pParse->nMem+1;
    pParse->nMem += nResultCol;
  }else if( pDest->iSdst+nResultCol > pParse->nMem ){
@@ -760,10 +784,10 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
    case SRT_DistFifo:
    case SRT_Table:
    case SRT_EphemTab: {
-      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+      int r1 = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nPrefixReg+1);
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Table );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_EphemTab );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, r1);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, r1+nPrefixReg);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
      if( eDest==SRT_DistFifo ){
        /* If the destination is DistFifo, then cursor (iParm+1) is open
@@ -778,7 +802,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
      }
 #endif
      if( pSort ){
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1);
+        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
@@ -786,7 +810,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }
-      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nPrefixReg+1);
      break;
    }

@@ -804,7 +828,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult);
+        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult,1,r1, &pDest->affSdst, 1);
@@ -830,7 +854,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      if( pSort ){
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult);
+        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regResult, iParm, 1);
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
@@ -844,10 +868,7 @@ static void selectInnerLoop(
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      if( pSort ){
-        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult, nResultCol, r1);
-        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1);
-        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
+        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, nResultCol, nPrefixReg);
      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
@@ -1127,46 +1148,62 @@ static void generateSortTail(
  int addr;
  int addrOnce = 0;
  int iTab;
-  int pseudoTab = 0;
  ExprList *pOrderBy = pSort->pOrderBy;
  int eDest = pDest->eDest;
  int iParm = pDest->iSDParm;
  int regRow;
  int regRowid;
  int nKey;
+  int iSortTab;                   /* Sorter cursor to read from */
+  int nSortData;                  /* Trailing values to read from sorter */
+  u8 p5;                          /* p5 parameter for 1st OP_Column */
+  int i;
+  int bSeq;                       /* True if sorter record includes seq. no. */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+  struct ExprList_item *aOutEx = p->pEList->a;
+#endif

  if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Gosub, pSort->regReturn, pSort->labelBkOut);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, addrBreak);
    sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, pSort->labelBkOut);
-    addrOnce = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse); VdbeCoverage(v);
  }
  iTab = pSort->iECursor;
-  regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
-    pseudoTab = pParse->nTab++;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, pseudoTab, regRow, nColumn);
    regRowid = 0;
+    regRow = pDest->iSdst;
+    nSortData = nColumn;
  }else{
    regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    regRow = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
+    nSortData = 1;
  }
  nKey = pOrderBy->nExpr - pSort->nOBSat;
  if( pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter ){
    int regSortOut = ++pParse->nMem;
-    int ptab2 = pParse->nTab++;
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, ptab2, regSortOut, nKey+2);
+    iSortTab = pParse->nTab++;
+    if( pSort->labelBkOut ){
+      addrOnce = sqlite3CodeOnce(pParse); VdbeCoverage(v);
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OpenPseudo, iSortTab, regSortOut, nKey+1+nSortData);
    if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterSort, iTab, addrBreak);
    VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SorterData, iTab, regSortOut);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, ptab2, nKey+1, regRow);
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE);
+    p5 = OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE;
+    bSeq = 0;
  }else{
-    if( addrOnce ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrOnce);
    addr = 1 + sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sort, iTab, addrBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
    codeOffset(v, p->iOffset, addrContinue);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iTab, nKey+1, regRow);
+    iSortTab = iTab;
+    p5 = 0;
+    bSeq = 1;
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<nSortData; i++){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iSortTab, nKey+bSeq+i, regRow+i);
+    if( i==0 ) sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, p5);
+    VdbeComment((v, "%s", aOutEx[i].zName ? aOutEx[i].zName : aOutEx[i].zSpan));
  }
  switch( eDest ){
    case SRT_Table:
@@ -1195,17 +1232,9 @@ static void generateSortTail(
    }
 #endif
    default: {
-      int i;
      assert( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ); 
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
-      for(i=0; i<nColumn; i++){
-        assert( regRow!=pDest->iSdst+i );
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, pseudoTab, i, pDest->iSdst+i);
-        if( i==0 ){
-          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_CLEARCACHE);
-        }
-      }
      if( eDest==SRT_Output ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, pDest->iSdst, nColumn);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, pDest->iSdst, nColumn);
@@ -1215,9 +1244,10 @@ static void generateSortTail(
      break;
    }
  }
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
-  sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
-
+  if( regRowid ){
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRow);
+    sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRowid);
+  }
  /* The bottom of the loop
  */
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrContinue);
@@ -1228,9 +1258,6 @@ static void generateSortTail(
  }
  if( pSort->regReturn ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pSort->regReturn);
  sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrBreak);
-  if( eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Close, pseudoTab, 0);
-  }
 }

 /*
@@ -1690,7 +1717,7 @@ Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
  assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
  pTab->nRef = 1;
  pTab->zName = 0;
-  pTab->nRowEst = 1048576;
+  pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
  selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
  selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect);
  pTab->iPKey = -1;
@@ -3829,7 +3856,7 @@ static int withExpand(
    pTab->nRef = 1;
    pTab->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pCte->zName);
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
-    pTab->nRowEst = 1048576;
+    pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
    pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
    pFrom->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pCte->pSelect, 0);
    if( db->mallocFailed ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -4005,7 +4032,7 @@ static int selectExpander(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
      while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
      selectColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
      pTab->iPKey = -1;
-      pTab->nRowEst = 1048576;
+      pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
 #endif
    }else{
@@ -4655,7 +4682,7 @@ int sqlite3Select(
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, pItem->regReturn);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
-      pItem->pTab->nRowEst = (unsigned)pSub->nSelectRow;
+      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      pItem->viaCoroutine = 1;
      pItem->regResult = dest.iSdst;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_EndCoroutine, pItem->regReturn);
@@ -4686,7 +4713,7 @@ int sqlite3Select(
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
      explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSub, &dest);
-      pItem->pTab->nRowEst = (unsigned)pSub->nSelectRow;
+      pItem->pTab->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(pSub->nSelectRow);
      if( onceAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, onceAddr);
      retAddr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, pItem->regReturn);
      VdbeComment((v, "end %s", pItem->pTab->zName));
@@ -4760,8 +4787,9 @@ int sqlite3Select(
    sSort.iECursor = pParse->nTab++;
    sSort.addrSortIndex =
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_OpenEphemeral,
-                           sSort.iECursor, sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr+2, 0,
-                           (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO);
+          sSort.iECursor, sSort.pOrderBy->nExpr+1+pEList->nExpr, 0,
+          (char*)pKeyInfo, P4_KEYINFO
+      );
  }else{
    sSort.addrSortIndex = -1;
  }
@@ -4892,7 +4920,7 @@ int sqlite3Select(
    sNC.pSrcList = pTabList;
    sNC.pAggInfo = &sAggInfo;
    sAggInfo.mnReg = pParse->nMem+1;
-    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr+1 : 0;
+    sAggInfo.nSortingColumn = pGroupBy ? pGroupBy->nExpr : 0;
    sAggInfo.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, pEList);
    sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(&sNC, sSort.pOrderBy);
@@ -4985,8 +5013,8 @@ int sqlite3Select(

        groupBySort = 1;
        nGroupBy = pGroupBy->nExpr;
-        nCol = nGroupBy + 1;
-        j = nGroupBy+1;
+        nCol = nGroupBy;
+        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
            nCol++;
@@ -4996,8 +5024,7 @@ int sqlite3Select(
        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, sAggInfo.sortingIdx,regBase+nGroupBy);
-        j = nGroupBy+1;
+        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
@@ -3536,7 +3536,8 @@ static void main_init(struct callback_data *data) {
  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG, shellLog, data);
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(mainPrompt), mainPrompt,"sqlite> ");
  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(continuePrompt), continuePrompt,"   ...> ");
-  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD);
+  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD);
+  sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS, 4);
 }

 /*
@@ -1715,6 +1715,16 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
 ** </dl>
+**
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS]]
+** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS
+** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS takes a single argument of type int.
+** It is used to set the number of background worker threads that may be
+** launched when sorting large amounts of data. A value of 0 means launch 
+** no background threads at all. The maximum number of background threads 
+** allowed is configured at build-time by the SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 
+** pre-processor option. 
+** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
@@ -1739,6 +1749,7 @@ struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS      24  /* int nWorker */

 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -5817,10 +5828,12 @@ int sqlite3_vfs_unregister(sqlite3_vfs*);
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_OPEN
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PRNG
 ** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU
-** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1
+** <li>  SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2
 ** </ul>)^
 **
 ** ^The first two constants (SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST and SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
@@ -6024,6 +6037,8 @@ int sqlite3_mutex_notheld(sqlite3_mutex*);
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU       6  /* lru page list */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_LRU2      7  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_PMEM      7  /* sqlite3PageMalloc() */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP1      8  /* For use by application */
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_APP2      9  /* For use by application */

 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieve the mutex for a database connection
@@ -6119,7 +6134,8 @@ int sqlite3_test_control(int op, ...);
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT           20
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_VDBE_COVERAGE           21
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER               22
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    22
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             23
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    23

 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
@@ -422,6 +422,26 @@
 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif

+/*
+** If no value has been provided for SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS, or if
+** SQLITE_TEMP_STORE is set to 3 (never use temporary files), set it 
+** to zero.
+*/
+#if SQLITE_TEMP_STORE==3
+# undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+# define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS 0
+#endif
+#ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
+# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS 0
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS>SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+# undef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+# define SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
+#endif
+
+
 /*
 ** GCC does not define the offsetof() macro so we'll have to do it
 ** ourselves.
@@ -525,10 +545,10 @@ typedef INT8_TYPE i8;              /* 1-byte signed integer */
 ** gives a possible range of values of approximately 1.0e986 to 1e-986.
 ** But the allowed values are "grainy".  Not every value is representable.
 ** For example, quantities 16 and 17 are both represented by a LogEst
-** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantatites are suppose to be estimates,
+** of 40.  However, since LogEst quantaties are suppose to be estimates,
 ** not exact values, this imprecision is not a problem.
 **
-** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithimic Estimate".
+** "LogEst" is short for "Logarithmic Estimate".
 **
 ** Examples:
 **      1 -> 0              20 -> 43          10000 -> 132
@@ -805,6 +825,7 @@ typedef struct PrintfArguments PrintfArguments;
 typedef struct RowSet RowSet;
 typedef struct Savepoint Savepoint;
 typedef struct Select Select;
+typedef struct SQLiteThread SQLiteThread;
 typedef struct SelectDest SelectDest;
 typedef struct SrcList SrcList;
 typedef struct StrAccum StrAccum;
@@ -984,6 +1005,7 @@ struct sqlite3 {
  int nChange;                  /* Value returned by sqlite3_changes() */
  int nTotalChange;             /* Value returned by sqlite3_total_changes() */
  int aLimit[SQLITE_N_LIMIT];   /* Limits */
+  int nMaxSorterMmap;           /* Maximum size of regions mapped by sorter */
  struct sqlite3InitInfo {      /* Information used during initialization */
    int newTnum;                /* Rootpage of table being initialized */
    u8 iDb;                     /* Which db file is being initialized */
@@ -1471,7 +1493,7 @@ struct Table {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
  ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */
 #endif
-  tRowcnt nRowEst;     /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
+  LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
  int tnum;            /* Root BTree node for this table (see note above) */
  i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the primary key */
  i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
@@ -1644,7 +1666,7 @@ struct UnpackedRecord {
  KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;  /* Collation and sort-order information */
  u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
  i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
-  u8 isCorrupt;       /* Corruption detected by xRecordCompare() */
+  u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
  Mem *aMem;          /* Values */
  int r1;             /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
  int r2;             /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
@@ -1680,7 +1702,7 @@ struct UnpackedRecord {
 struct Index {
  char *zName;             /* Name of this index */
  i16 *aiColumn;           /* Which columns are used by this index.  1st is 0 */
-  tRowcnt *aiRowEst;       /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
+  LogEst *aiRowLogEst;     /* From ANALYZE: Est. rows selected by each column */
  Table *pTable;           /* The SQL table being indexed */
  char *zColAff;           /* String defining the affinity of each column */
  Index *pNext;            /* The next index associated with the same table */
@@ -2702,6 +2724,7 @@ struct Sqlite3Config {
  int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
  int mxParserStack;                /* maximum depth of the parser stack */
  int sharedCacheEnabled;           /* true if shared-cache mode enabled */
+  int nWorker;                      /* Number of worker threads to use */
  /* The above might be initialized to non-zero.  The following need to always
  ** initially be zero, however. */
  int isInit;                       /* True after initialization has finished */
@@ -3653,4 +3676,19 @@ SQLITE_EXTERN void (*sqlite3IoTrace)(const char*,...);
 #define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
 #define MEMTYPE_DB         0x10  /* Uses sqlite3DbMalloc, not sqlite_malloc */

+/*
+** Threading interface
+*/
+#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
+int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
+int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Win32 interface
+*/
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN
+  DWORD sqlite3Win32Wait(HANDLE hObject);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */
@@ -2703,6 +2703,46 @@ bad_args:
  return TCL_ERROR;
 }

+/*
+** Usage: add_test_utf16bin_collate <db ptr>
+**
+** Add a utf-16 collation sequence named "utf16bin" to the database
+** handle. This collation sequence compares arguments in the same way as the
+** built-in collation "binary".
+*/
+static int test_utf16bin_collate_func(
+  void *pCtx, 
+  int nA, const void *zA,
+  int nB, const void *zB
+){
+  int nCmp = (nA>nB ? nB : nA);
+  int res = memcmp(zA, zB, nCmp);
+  if( res==0 ) res = nA - nB;
+  return res;
+}
+static int test_utf16bin_collate(
+  void * clientData,
+  Tcl_Interp *interp,
+  int objc,
+  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
+){
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( objc!=2 ) goto bad_args;
+  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_create_collation(db, "utf16bin", SQLITE_UTF16, 0, 
+      test_utf16bin_collate_func
+  );
+  if( sqlite3TestErrCode(interp, db, rc) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+  return TCL_OK;
+
+bad_args:
+  Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB");
+  return TCL_ERROR;
+}
+
 /*
 ** When the collation needed callback is invoked, record the name of 
 ** the requested collating function here.  The recorded name is linked
@@ -5844,6 +5884,7 @@ static int test_test_control(
    int i;
  } aVerb[] = {
    { "SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT", SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT }, 
+    { "SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP", SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP }, 
  };
  int iVerb;
  int iFlag;
@@ -5871,6 +5912,19 @@ static int test_test_control(
      sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, val);
      break;
    }
+
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP: {
+      int val;
+      sqlite3 *db;
+      if( objc!=4 ){
+        Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 2, objv, "DB LIMIT");
+        return TCL_ERROR;
+      }
+      if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[2]), &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+      if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[3], &val) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+      sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP, db, val);
+      break;
+    }
  }

  Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
@@ -6282,6 +6336,113 @@ static int tclLoadStaticExtensionCmd(
  return TCL_OK;
 }

+/*
+**     sorter_test_fakeheap BOOL
+**
+*/
+static int sorter_test_fakeheap(
+  void * clientData,
+  Tcl_Interp *interp,
+  int objc,
+  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
+){
+  int bArg;
+  if( objc!=2 ){
+    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "BOOL");
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if( Tcl_GetBooleanFromObj(interp, objv[1], &bArg) ){
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if( bArg ){
+    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap==0 ){
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap = SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(-1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap==SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(-1) ){
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pHeap = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Tcl_ResetResult(interp);
+  return TCL_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+**     sorter_test_sort4_helper DB SQL1 NSTEP SQL2
+**
+** Compile SQL statement $SQL1 and step it $NSTEP times. For each row, 
+** check that the leftmost and rightmost columns returned are both integers,
+** and that both contain the same value.
+**
+** Then execute statement $SQL2. Check that the statement returns the same
+** set of integers in the same order as in the previous step (using $SQL1).
+*/
+static int sorter_test_sort4_helper(
+  void * clientData,
+  Tcl_Interp *interp,
+  int objc,
+  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
+){
+  const char *zSql1;
+  const char *zSql2;
+  int nStep; 
+  int iStep; 
+  int iCksum1 = 0; 
+  int iCksum2 = 0; 
+  int rc;
+  int iB;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  
+  if( objc!=5 ){
+    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "DB SQL1 NSTEP SQL2");
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+  zSql1 = Tcl_GetString(objv[2]);
+  if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[3], &nStep) ) return TCL_ERROR;
+  zSql2 = Tcl_GetString(objv[4]);
+
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql1, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sql_error;
+
+  iB = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt)-1;
+  for(iStep=0; iStep<nStep && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt); iStep++){
+    int a = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+    if( a!=sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, iB) ){
+      Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "data error: (a!=b)", 0);
+      return TCL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    iCksum1 += (iCksum1 << 3) + a;
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sql_error;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql2, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sql_error;
+  for(iStep=0; SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt); iStep++){
+    int a = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+    iCksum2 += (iCksum2 << 3) + a;
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto sql_error;
+
+  if( iCksum1!=iCksum2 ){
+    Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "checksum mismatch", 0);
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  return TCL_OK;
+ sql_error:
+  Tcl_AppendResult(interp, "sql error: ", sqlite3_errmsg(db), 0);
+  return TCL_ERROR;
+}
+

 /*
 ** Register commands with the TCL interpreter.
@@ -6481,6 +6642,7 @@ int Sqlitetest1_Init(Tcl_Interp *interp){
     { "add_test_collate",        test_collate, 0            },
     { "add_test_collate_needed", test_collate_needed, 0     },
     { "add_test_function",       test_function, 0           },
+     { "add_test_utf16bin_collate",    test_utf16bin_collate, 0        },
 #endif
     { "sqlite3_test_errstr",     test_errstr, 0             },
     { "tcl_variable_type",       tcl_variable_type, 0       },
@@ -6514,6 +6676,8 @@ int Sqlitetest1_Init(Tcl_Interp *interp){
     { "getrusage", test_getrusage },
 #endif
     { "load_static_extension", tclLoadStaticExtensionCmd },
+     { "sorter_test_fakeheap", sorter_test_fakeheap },
+     { "sorter_test_sort4_helper", sorter_test_sort4_helper },
  };
  static int bitmask_size = sizeof(Bitmask)*8;
  int i;
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ static void set_options(Tcl_Interp *interp){
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "mmap", "0", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
 #endif

+  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "worker_threads", 
+      STRINGVALUE(SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS), TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY
+  );
+
 #if 1 /* def SQLITE_MEMDEBUG */
  Tcl_SetVar2(interp, "sqlite_options", "memdebug", "1", TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
 #else
@@ -1253,6 +1253,32 @@ static int test_config_cis(
  return TCL_OK;
 }

+/*
+** Usage:    sqlite3_config_worker_threads N
+*/
+static int test_config_worker_threads(
+  void * clientData, 
+  Tcl_Interp *interp,
+  int objc,
+  Tcl_Obj *CONST objv[]
+){
+  int rc;
+  int nThread;
+
+  if( objc!=2 ){
+    Tcl_WrongNumArgs(interp, 1, objv, "N");
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+  if( Tcl_GetIntFromObj(interp, objv[1], &nThread) ){
+    return TCL_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  rc = sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS, nThread);
+  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)sqlite3ErrName(rc), TCL_VOLATILE);
+
+  return TCL_OK;
+}
+
 /*
 ** Usage:    sqlite3_dump_memsys3  FILENAME
 **           sqlite3_dump_memsys5  FILENAME
@@ -1506,6 +1532,7 @@ int Sqlitetest_malloc_Init(Tcl_Interp *interp){
     { "sqlite3_config_error",       test_config_error             ,0 },
     { "sqlite3_config_uri",         test_config_uri               ,0 },
     { "sqlite3_config_cis",         test_config_cis               ,0 },
+     { "sqlite3_config_worker_threads", test_config_worker_threads ,0 },
     { "sqlite3_db_config_lookaside",test_db_config_lookaside      ,0 },
     { "sqlite3_dump_memsys3",       test_dump_memsys3             ,3 },
     { "sqlite3_dump_memsys5",       test_dump_memsys3             ,5 },
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ struct Circle {
  double centerx;
  double centery;
  double radius;
+  double mxArea;
+  int eScoreType;
 };

 /*
@@ -50,11 +52,7 @@ static void circle_del(void *p){
 static int circle_geom(
  sqlite3_rtree_geometry *p,
  int nCoord, 
-#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-  sqlite3_int64 *aCoord,
-#else
-  double *aCoord, 
-#endif
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord,
  int *pRes
 ){
  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
@@ -62,7 +60,12 @@ static int circle_geom(
  double xmin, xmax;              /* X dimensions of box being tested */
  double ymin, ymax;              /* X dimensions of box being tested */

-  if( p->pUser==0 ){
+  xmin = aCoord[0];
+  xmax = aCoord[1];
+  ymin = aCoord[2];
+  ymax = aCoord[3];
+  pCircle = (Circle *)p->pUser;
+  if( pCircle==0 ){
    /* If pUser is still 0, then the parameter values have not been tested
    ** for correctness or stored into a Circle structure yet. Do this now. */

@@ -108,14 +111,9 @@ static int circle_geom(
    pCircle->aBox[1].xmax = pCircle->centerx - pCircle->radius;
    pCircle->aBox[1].ymin = pCircle->centery;
    pCircle->aBox[1].ymax = pCircle->centery;
+    pCircle->mxArea = (xmax - xmin)*(ymax - ymin) + 1.0;
  }

-  pCircle = (Circle *)p->pUser;
-  xmin = aCoord[0];
-  xmax = aCoord[1];
-  ymin = aCoord[2];
-  ymax = aCoord[3];
-
  /* Check if any of the 4 corners of the bounding-box being tested lie 
  ** inside the circular region. If they do, then the bounding-box does
  ** intersect the region of interest. Set the output variable to true and
@@ -154,6 +152,170 @@ static int circle_geom(
  return SQLITE_OK;
 }

+/*
+** Implementation of "circle" r-tree geometry callback using the 
+** 2nd-generation interface that allows scoring.
+*/
+static int circle_query_func(sqlite3_rtree_query_info *p){
+  int i;                          /* Iterator variable */
+  Circle *pCircle;                /* Structure defining circular region */
+  double xmin, xmax;              /* X dimensions of box being tested */
+  double ymin, ymax;              /* X dimensions of box being tested */
+  int nWithin = 0;                /* Number of corners inside the circle */
+
+  xmin = p->aCoord[0];
+  xmax = p->aCoord[1];
+  ymin = p->aCoord[2];
+  ymax = p->aCoord[3];
+  pCircle = (Circle *)p->pUser;
+  if( pCircle==0 ){
+    /* If pUser is still 0, then the parameter values have not been tested
+    ** for correctness or stored into a Circle structure yet. Do this now. */
+
+    /* This geometry callback is for use with a 2-dimensional r-tree table.
+    ** Return an error if the table does not have exactly 2 dimensions. */
+    if( p->nCoord!=4 ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+
+    /* Test that the correct number of parameters (4) have been supplied,
+    ** and that the parameters are in range (that the radius of the circle 
+    ** radius is greater than zero). */
+    if( p->nParam!=4 || p->aParam[2]<0.0 ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+
+    /* Allocate a structure to cache parameter data in. Return SQLITE_NOMEM
+    ** if the allocation fails. */
+    pCircle = (Circle *)(p->pUser = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(Circle)));
+    if( !pCircle ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    p->xDelUser = circle_del;
+
+    /* Record the center and radius of the circular region. One way that
+    ** tested bounding boxes that intersect the circular region are detected
+    ** is by testing if each corner of the bounding box lies within radius
+    ** units of the center of the circle. */
+    pCircle->centerx = p->aParam[0];
+    pCircle->centery = p->aParam[1];
+    pCircle->radius = p->aParam[2];
+    pCircle->eScoreType = (int)p->aParam[3];
+
+    /* Define two bounding box regions. The first, aBox[0], extends to
+    ** infinity in the X dimension. It covers the same range of the Y dimension
+    ** as the circular region. The second, aBox[1], extends to infinity in
+    ** the Y dimension and is constrained to the range of the circle in the
+    ** X dimension.
+    **
+    ** Then imagine each box is split in half along its short axis by a line
+    ** that intersects the center of the circular region. A bounding box
+    ** being tested can be said to intersect the circular region if it contains
+    ** points from each half of either of the two infinite bounding boxes.
+    */
+    pCircle->aBox[0].xmin = pCircle->centerx;
+    pCircle->aBox[0].xmax = pCircle->centerx;
+    pCircle->aBox[0].ymin = pCircle->centery + pCircle->radius;
+    pCircle->aBox[0].ymax = pCircle->centery - pCircle->radius;
+    pCircle->aBox[1].xmin = pCircle->centerx + pCircle->radius;
+    pCircle->aBox[1].xmax = pCircle->centerx - pCircle->radius;
+    pCircle->aBox[1].ymin = pCircle->centery;
+    pCircle->aBox[1].ymax = pCircle->centery;
+    pCircle->mxArea = 200.0*200.0;
+  }
+
+  /* Check if any of the 4 corners of the bounding-box being tested lie 
+  ** inside the circular region. If they do, then the bounding-box does
+  ** intersect the region of interest. Set the output variable to true and
+  ** return SQLITE_OK in this case. */
+  for(i=0; i<4; i++){
+    double x = (i&0x01) ? xmax : xmin;
+    double y = (i&0x02) ? ymax : ymin;
+    double d2;
+    
+    d2  = (x-pCircle->centerx)*(x-pCircle->centerx);
+    d2 += (y-pCircle->centery)*(y-pCircle->centery);
+    if( d2<(pCircle->radius*pCircle->radius) ) nWithin++;
+  }
+
+  /* Check if the bounding box covers any other part of the circular region.
+  ** See comments above for a description of how this test works. If it does
+  ** cover part of the circular region, set the output variable to true
+  ** and return SQLITE_OK. */
+  if( nWithin==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
+      if( xmin<=pCircle->aBox[i].xmin 
+       && xmax>=pCircle->aBox[i].xmax 
+       && ymin<=pCircle->aBox[i].ymin 
+       && ymax>=pCircle->aBox[i].ymax 
+      ){
+        nWithin = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCircle->eScoreType==1 ){
+    /* Depth first search */
+    p->rScore = p->iLevel;
+  }else if( pCircle->eScoreType==2 ){
+    /* Breadth first search */
+    p->rScore = 100 - p->iLevel;
+  }else if( pCircle->eScoreType==3 ){
+    /* Depth-first search, except sort the leaf nodes by area with
+    ** the largest area first */
+    if( p->iLevel==1 ){
+      p->rScore = 1.0 - (xmax-xmin)*(ymax-ymin)/pCircle->mxArea;
+      if( p->rScore<0.01 ) p->rScore = 0.01;
+    }else{
+      p->rScore = 0.0;
+    }
+  }else if( pCircle->eScoreType==4 ){
+    /* Depth-first search, except exclude odd rowids */
+    p->rScore = p->iLevel;
+    if( p->iRowid&1 ) nWithin = 0;
+  }else{
+    /* Breadth-first search, except exclude odd rowids */
+    p->rScore = 100 - p->iLevel;
+    if( p->iRowid&1 ) nWithin = 0;
+  }
+  if( nWithin==0 ){
+    p->eWithin = NOT_WITHIN;
+  }else if( nWithin>=4 ){
+    p->eWithin = FULLY_WITHIN;
+  }else{
+    p->eWithin = PARTLY_WITHIN;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+/*
+** Implementation of "breadthfirstsearch" r-tree geometry callback using the 
+** 2nd-generation interface that allows scoring.
+**
+**     ... WHERE id MATCH breadthfirstsearch($x0,$x1,$y0,$y1) ...
+**
+** It returns all entries whose bounding boxes overlap with $x0,$x1,$y0,$y1.
+*/
+static int bfs_query_func(sqlite3_rtree_query_info *p){
+  double x0,x1,y0,y1;        /* Dimensions of box being tested */
+  double bx0,bx1,by0,by1;    /* Boundary of the query function */
+
+  if( p->nParam!=4 ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  x0 = p->aCoord[0];
+  x1 = p->aCoord[1];
+  y0 = p->aCoord[2];
+  y1 = p->aCoord[3];
+  bx0 = p->aParam[0];
+  bx1 = p->aParam[1];
+  by0 = p->aParam[2];
+  by1 = p->aParam[3];
+  p->rScore = 100 - p->iLevel;
+  if( p->eParentWithin==FULLY_WITHIN ){
+    p->eWithin = FULLY_WITHIN;
+  }else if( x0>=bx0 && x1<=bx1 && y0>=by0 && y1<=by1 ){
+    p->eWithin = FULLY_WITHIN;
+  }else if( x1>=bx0 && x0<=bx1 && y1>=by0 && y0<=by1 ){
+    p->eWithin = PARTLY_WITHIN;
+  }else{
+    p->eWithin = NOT_WITHIN;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
 /* END of implementation of "circle" geometry callback.
 **************************************************************************
 *************************************************************************/
@@ -194,11 +356,7 @@ static int gHere = 42;
 static int cube_geom(
  sqlite3_rtree_geometry *p,
  int nCoord,
-#ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-  sqlite3_int64 *aCoord, 
-#else
-  double *aCoord, 
-#endif
+  sqlite3_rtree_dbl *aCoord,
  int *piRes
 ){
  Cube *pCube = (Cube *)p->pUser;
@@ -293,6 +451,14 @@ static int register_circle_geom(
  }
  if( getDbPointer(interp, Tcl_GetString(objv[1]), &db) ) return TCL_ERROR;
  rc = sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(db, "circle", circle_geom, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(db, "Qcircle",
+                                      circle_query_func, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_rtree_query_callback(db, "breadthfirstsearch",
+                                      bfs_query_func, 0, 0);
+  }
  Tcl_SetResult(interp, (char *)sqlite3ErrName(rc), TCL_STATIC);
 #endif
  return TCL_OK;
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ static int vfstraceAccess(
  vfstrace_info *pInfo = (vfstrace_info*)pVfs->pAppData;
  sqlite3_vfs *pRoot = pInfo->pRootVfs;
  int rc;
-  vfstrace_printf(pInfo, "%s.xDelete(\"%s\",%d)",
+  vfstrace_printf(pInfo, "%s.xAccess(\"%s\",%d)",
                  pInfo->zVfsName, zPath, flags);
  rc = pRoot->xAccess(pRoot, zPath, flags, pResOut);
  vfstrace_print_errcode(pInfo, " -> %s", rc);
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+** 2012 July 21
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file presents a simple cross-platform threading interface for
+** use internally by SQLite.
+**
+** A "thread" can be created using sqlite3ThreadCreate().  This thread
+** runs independently of its creator until it is joined using
+** sqlite3ThreadJoin(), at which point it terminates.
+**
+** Threads do not have to be real.  It could be that the work of the
+** "thread" is done by the main thread at either the sqlite3ThreadCreate()
+** or sqlite3ThreadJoin() call.  This is, in fact, what happens in
+** single threaded systems.  Nothing in SQLite requires multiple threads.
+** This interface exists so that applications that want to take advantage
+** of multiple cores can do so, while also allowing applications to stay
+** single-threaded if desired.
+*/
+#include "sqliteInt.h"
+
+#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
+
+/********************************* Unix Pthreads ****************************/
+#if SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
+
+#define SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED 1  /* Prevent the single-thread code below */
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+/* A running thread */
+struct SQLiteThread {
+  pthread_t tid;                 /* Thread ID */
+  int done;                      /* Set to true when thread finishes */
+  void *pOut;                    /* Result returned by the thread */
+  void *(*xTask)(void*);         /* The thread routine */
+  void *pIn;                     /* Argument to the thread */
+};
+
+/* Create a new thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadCreate(
+  SQLiteThread **ppThread,  /* OUT: Write the thread object here */
+  void *(*xTask)(void*),    /* Routine to run in a separate thread */
+  void *pIn                 /* Argument passed into xTask() */
+){
+  SQLiteThread *p;
+
+  assert( ppThread!=0 );
+  assert( xTask!=0 );
+  *ppThread = 0;
+  p = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*p));
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  p->xTask = xTask;
+  p->pIn = pIn;
+  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0
+    || pthread_create(&p->tid, 0, xTask, pIn)!=0 
+  ){
+    p->done = 1;
+    p->pOut = xTask(pIn);
+  }
+  *ppThread = p;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Get the results of the thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread *p, void **ppOut){
+  int rc;
+
+  assert( ppOut!=0 );
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( p->done ){
+    *ppOut = p->pOut;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    rc = pthread_join(p->tid, ppOut);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+  return rc ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_UNIX && defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS) */
+/******************************** End Unix Pthreads *************************/
+
+
+/********************************* Win32 Threads ****************************/
+#if SQLITE_OS_WIN && !SQLITE_OS_WINRT && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
+
+#define SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED 1  /* Prevent the single-thread code below */
+#include <process.h>
+
+/* A running thread */
+struct SQLiteThread {
+  uintptr_t tid;           /* The thread handle */
+  void *(*xTask)(void*);   /* The routine to run as a thread */
+  void *pIn;               /* Argument to xTask */
+  void *pResult;           /* Result of xTask */
+};
+
+/* Thread procedure Win32 compatibility shim */
+static void sqlite3ThreadProc(
+  void *pArg  /* IN: Pointer to the SQLiteThread structure */
+){
+  SQLiteThread *p = (SQLiteThread *)pArg;
+
+  assert( p!=0 );
+  assert( p->xTask!=0 );
+  p->pResult = p->xTask(p->pIn);
+  _endthread();
+}
+
+/* Create a new thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadCreate(
+  SQLiteThread **ppThread,  /* OUT: Write the thread object here */
+  void *(*xTask)(void*),    /* Routine to run in a separate thread */
+  void *pIn                 /* Argument passed into xTask() */
+){
+  SQLiteThread *p;
+
+  assert( ppThread!=0 );
+  assert( xTask!=0 );
+  *ppThread = 0;
+  p = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*p));
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
+    memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  }else{
+    p->xTask = xTask;
+    p->pIn = pIn;
+    p->tid = _beginthread(sqlite3ThreadProc, 0, p);
+    if( p->tid==(uintptr_t)-1 ){
+      memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+    }
+  }
+  if( p->xTask==0 ){
+    p->pResult = xTask(pIn);
+  }
+  *ppThread = p;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Get the results of the thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread *p, void **ppOut){
+  DWORD rc;
+
+  assert( ppOut!=0 );
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( p->xTask==0 ){
+    rc = WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3Win32Wait((HANDLE)p->tid);
+    assert( rc!=WAIT_IO_COMPLETION );
+  }
+  if( rc==WAIT_OBJECT_0 ) *ppOut = p->pResult;
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+  return (rc==WAIT_OBJECT_0) ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OS_WIN && !SQLITE_OS_WINRT */
+/******************************** End Win32 Threads *************************/
+
+
+/********************************* Single-Threaded **************************/
+#ifndef SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED
+/*
+** This implementation does not actually create a new thread.  It does the
+** work of the thread in the main thread, when either the thread is created
+** or when it is joined
+*/
+
+/* A running thread */
+struct SQLiteThread {
+  void *(*xTask)(void*);   /* The routine to run as a thread */
+  void *pIn;               /* Argument to xTask */
+  void *pResult;           /* Result of xTask */
+};
+
+/* Create a new thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadCreate(
+  SQLiteThread **ppThread,  /* OUT: Write the thread object here */
+  void *(*xTask)(void*),    /* Routine to run in a separate thread */
+  void *pIn                 /* Argument passed into xTask() */
+){
+  SQLiteThread *p;
+
+  assert( ppThread!=0 );
+  assert( xTask!=0 );
+  *ppThread = 0;
+  p = sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(*p));
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(p)/17)&1 ){
+    p->xTask = xTask;
+    p->pIn = pIn;
+  }else{
+    p->xTask = 0;
+    p->pResult = xTask(pIn);
+  }
+  *ppThread = p;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* Get the results of the thread */
+int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread *p, void **ppOut){
+
+  assert( ppOut!=0 );
+  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  if( p->xTask ){
+    *ppOut = p->xTask(p->pIn);
+  }else{
+    *ppOut = p->pResult;
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+
+#if defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+  {
+    void *pTstAlloc = sqlite3Malloc(10);
+    if (!pTstAlloc) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    sqlite3_free(pTstAlloc);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_THREADS_IMPLEMENTED) */
+/****************************** End Single-Threaded *************************/
+#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0 */
@@ -1246,8 +1246,8 @@ LogEst sqlite3LogEstAdd(LogEst a, LogEst b){
 }

 /*
-** Convert an integer into a LogEst.  In other words, compute a
-** good approximatation for 10*log2(x).
+** Convert an integer into a LogEst.  In other words, compute an
+** approximation for 10*log2(x).
 */
 LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64 x){
  static LogEst a[] = { 0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
@@ -3390,11 +3390,15 @@ case OP_OpenEphemeral: {
  break;
 }

-/* Opcode: SorterOpen P1 P2 * P4 *
+/* Opcode: SorterOpen P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 **
 ** This opcode works like OP_OpenEphemeral except that it opens
 ** a transient index that is specifically designed to sort large
 ** tables using an external merge-sort algorithm.
+**
+** If argument P3 is non-zero, then it indicates that the sorter may
+** assume that a stable sort considering the first P3 fields of each
+** key is sufficient to produce the required results.
 */
 case OP_SorterOpen: {
  VdbeCursor *pCx;
@@ -3406,7 +3410,25 @@ case OP_SorterOpen: {
  pCx->pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->db==db );
  assert( pCx->pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(db, pCx);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(db, pOp->p3, pCx);
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: SequenceTest P1 P2 * * *
+** Synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2
+**
+** P1 is a sorter cursor. If the sequence counter is currently zero, jump
+** to P2. Regardless of whether or not the jump is taken, increment the
+** the sequence value.
+*/
+case OP_SequenceTest: {
+  VdbeCursor *pC;
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  assert( pC->pSorter );
+  if( (pC->seqCount++)==0 ){
+    pc = pOp->p2 - 1;
+  }
  break;
 }

@@ -4212,6 +4234,7 @@ case OP_SorterCompare: {
  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 );
  pIn3 = &aMem[pOp->p3];
  nIgnore = pOp->p4.i;
+  res = 0;
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(pC, pIn3, nIgnore, &res);
  VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
  if( res ){
@@ -4232,6 +4255,7 @@ case OP_SorterData: {
  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
  assert( isSorter(pC) );
  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(pC, pOut);
+  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || (pOut->flags & MEM_Blob) );
  break;
 }

@@ -4461,7 +4485,7 @@ case OP_Rewind: {        /* jump */
  assert( isSorter(pC)==(pOp->opcode==OP_SorterSort) );
  res = 1;
  if( isSorter(pC) ){
-    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(db, pC, &res);
+    rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(pC, &res);
  }else{
    pCrsr = pC->pCursor;
    assert( pCrsr );
@@ -4620,7 +4644,7 @@ case OP_IdxInsert: {        /* in2 */
  rc = ExpandBlob(pIn2);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( isSorter(pC) ){
-      rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(db, pC, pIn2);
+      rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(pC, pIn2);
    }else{
      nKey = pIn2->n;
      zKey = pIn2->z;
@@ -6323,8 +6347,8 @@ default: {          /* This is really OP_Noop and OP_Explain */

 #ifdef VDBE_PROFILE
    {
-      u64 elapsed = sqlite3Hwtime() - start;
-      pOp->cycles += elapsed;
+      u64 endTime = sqlite3Hwtime();
+      if( endTime>start ) pOp->cycles += endTime - start;
      pOp->cnt++;
    }
 #endif
@@ -437,13 +437,13 @@ void sqlite3VdbeFrameDelete(VdbeFrame*);
 int sqlite3VdbeFrameRestore(VdbeFrame *);
 int sqlite3VdbeTransferError(Vdbe *p);

-int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
+int sqlite3VdbeSorterInit(sqlite3 *, int, VdbeCursor *);
 void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *, VdbeSorter *);
 void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
 int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
 int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
-int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
-int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
+int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *, int *);
+int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
 int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *, int, int *);

 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE) && SQLITE_THREADSAFE>0
@@ -3137,10 +3137,14 @@ void sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(
 ** sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() and sqlite3MemCompare() functions. It is used
 ** in assert() statements to ensure that the optimized code in
 ** sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare() returns results with these two primitives.
+**
+** Return true if the result of comparison is equivalent to desiredResult.
+** Return false if there is a disagreement.
 */
 static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1, /* Left key */
-  const UnpackedRecord *pPKey2  /* Right key */
+  const UnpackedRecord *pPKey2, /* Right key */
+  int desiredResult             /* Correct answer */
 ){
  u32 d1;            /* Offset into aKey[] of next data element */
  u32 idx1;          /* Offset into aKey[] of next header element */
@@ -3152,6 +3156,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
  Mem mem1;

  pKeyInfo = pPKey2->pKeyInfo;
+  if( pKeyInfo->db==0 ) return 1;
  mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
  mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
  /* mem1.flags = 0;  // Will be initialized by sqlite3VdbeSerialGet() */
@@ -3202,7 +3207,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
        rc = -rc;  /* Invert the result for DESC sort order. */
      }
-      return rc;
+      goto debugCompareEnd;
    }
    i++;
  }while( idx1<szHdr1 && i<pPKey2->nField );
@@ -3216,7 +3221,15 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
  /* rc==0 here means that one of the keys ran out of fields and
  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. Return the the default_rc
  ** value.  */
-  return pPKey2->default_rc;
+  rc = pPKey2->default_rc;
+
+debugCompareEnd:
+  if( desiredResult==0 && rc==0 ) return 1;
+  if( desiredResult<0 && rc<0 ) return 1;
+  if( desiredResult>0 && rc>0 ) return 1;
+  if( CORRUPT_DB ) return 1;
+  if( pKeyInfo->db->mallocFailed ) return 1;
+  return 0;
 }
 #endif

@@ -3229,7 +3242,8 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareDebug(
 static int vdbeCompareMemString(
  const Mem *pMem1,
  const Mem *pMem2,
-  const CollSeq *pColl
+  const CollSeq *pColl,
+  u8 *prcErr                      /* If an OOM occurs, set to SQLITE_NOMEM */
 ){
  if( pMem1->enc==pColl->enc ){
    /* The strings are already in the correct encoding.  Call the
@@ -3252,6 +3266,7 @@ static int vdbeCompareMemString(
    rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, n1, v1, n2, v2);
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c1);
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c2);
+    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) && prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    return rc;
  }
 }
@@ -3334,7 +3349,7 @@ int sqlite3MemCompare(const Mem *pMem1, const Mem *pMem2, const CollSeq *pColl){
    assert( !pColl || pColl->xCmp );

    if( pColl ){
-      return vdbeCompareMemString(pMem1, pMem2, pColl);
+      return vdbeCompareMemString(pMem1, pMem2, pColl, 0);
    }
    /* If a NULL pointer was passed as the collate function, fall through
    ** to the blob case and use memcmp().  */
@@ -3406,8 +3421,10 @@ static i64 vdbeRecordDecodeInt(u32 serial_type, const u8 *aKey){
 ** fields that appear in both keys are equal, then pPKey2->default_rc is 
 ** returned.
 **
-** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->isCorrupt to non-zero
-** and return 0.
+** If database corruption is discovered, set pPKey2->errCode to 
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT and return 0. If an OOM error is encountered, 
+** pPKey2->errCode is set to SQLITE_NOMEM and, if it is not NULL, the
+** malloc-failed flag set on database handle (pPKey2->pKeyInfo->db).
 */
 int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
  int nKey1, const void *pKey1,   /* Left key */
@@ -3438,7 +3455,7 @@ int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
    idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
    d1 = szHdr1;
    if( d1>(unsigned)nKey1 ){ 
-      pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;  /* Corruption */
    }
    i = 0;
@@ -3517,14 +3534,16 @@ int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
        testcase( (d1+mem1.n)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        testcase( (d1+mem1.n+1)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        if( (d1+mem1.n) > (unsigned)nKey1 ){
-          pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          return 0;                /* Corruption */
        }else if( pKeyInfo->aColl[i] ){
          mem1.enc = pKeyInfo->enc;
          mem1.db = pKeyInfo->db;
          mem1.flags = MEM_Str;
          mem1.z = (char*)&aKey1[d1];
-          rc = vdbeCompareMemString(&mem1, pRhs, pKeyInfo->aColl[i]);
+          rc = vdbeCompareMemString(
+              &mem1, pRhs, pKeyInfo->aColl[i], &pPKey2->errCode
+          );
        }else{
          int nCmp = MIN(mem1.n, pRhs->n);
          rc = memcmp(&aKey1[d1], pRhs->z, nCmp);
@@ -3544,7 +3563,7 @@ int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
        testcase( (d1+nStr)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        testcase( (d1+nStr+1)==(unsigned)nKey1 );
        if( (d1+nStr) > (unsigned)nKey1 ){
-          pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
          return 0;                /* Corruption */
        }else{
          int nCmp = MIN(nStr, pRhs->n);
@@ -3564,11 +3583,7 @@ int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
      if( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i] ){
        rc = -rc;
      }
-      assert( CORRUPT_DB
-          || (rc<0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)<0)
-          || (rc>0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)>0)
-          || pKeyInfo->db->mallocFailed
-      );
+      assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, rc) );
      assert( mem1.zMalloc==0 );  /* See comment below */
      return rc;
    }
@@ -3587,9 +3602,7 @@ int sqlite3VdbeRecordCompare(
  /* rc==0 here means that one or both of the keys ran out of fields and
  ** all the fields up to that point were equal. Return the the default_rc
  ** value.  */
-  assert( CORRUPT_DB 
-       || pPKey2->default_rc==vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2) 
-  );
+  assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, pPKey2->default_rc) );
  return pPKey2->default_rc;
 }

@@ -3686,11 +3699,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareInt(
    res = pPKey2->default_rc;
  }

-  assert( (res==0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)==0)
-       || (res<0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)<0)
-       || (res>0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)>0)
-       || CORRUPT_DB
-  );
+  assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, res) );
  return res;
 }

@@ -3724,7 +3733,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareString(

    nStr = (serial_type-12) / 2;
    if( (szHdr + nStr) > nKey1 ){
-      pPKey2->isCorrupt = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      pPKey2->errCode = (u8)SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      return 0;    /* Corruption */
    }
    nCmp = MIN( pPKey2->aMem[0].n, nStr );
@@ -3750,11 +3759,7 @@ static int vdbeRecordCompareString(
    }
  }

-  assert( (res==0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)==0)
-       || (res<0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)<0)
-       || (res>0 && vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2)>0)
-       || CORRUPT_DB
-  );
+  assert( vdbeRecordCompareDebug(nKey1, pKey1, pPKey2, res) );
  return res;
 }

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ static int whereClauseInsert(WhereClause *pWC, Expr *p, u8 wtFlags){
  if( p && ExprHasProperty(p, EP_Unlikely) ){
    pTerm->truthProb = sqlite3LogEst(p->iTable) - 99;
  }else{
-    pTerm->truthProb = -1;
+    pTerm->truthProb = 1;
  }
  pTerm->pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(p);
  pTerm->wtFlags = wtFlags;
@@ -1956,7 +1956,8 @@ static void whereKeyStats(
      iLower = 0;
      iUpper = aSample[0].anLt[iCol];
    }else{
-      iUpper = i>=pIdx->nSample ? pIdx->aiRowEst[0] : aSample[i].anLt[iCol];
+      i64 nRow0 = sqlite3LogEstToInt(pIdx->aiRowLogEst[0]);
+      iUpper = i>=pIdx->nSample ? nRow0 : aSample[i].anLt[iCol];
      iLower = aSample[i-1].anEq[iCol] + aSample[i-1].anLt[iCol];
    }
    aStat[1] = (pIdx->nKeyCol>iCol ? pIdx->aAvgEq[iCol] : 1);
@@ -1975,6 +1976,29 @@ static void whereKeyStats(
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4 */

+/*
+** If it is not NULL, pTerm is a term that provides an upper or lower
+** bound on a range scan. Without considering pTerm, it is estimated 
+** that the scan will visit nNew rows. This function returns the number
+** estimated to be visited after taking pTerm into account.
+**
+** If the user explicitly specified a likelihood() value for this term,
+** then the return value is the likelihood multiplied by the number of
+** input rows. Otherwise, this function assumes that an "IS NOT NULL" term
+** has a likelihood of 0.50, and any other term a likelihood of 0.25.
+*/
+static LogEst whereRangeAdjust(WhereTerm *pTerm, LogEst nNew){
+  LogEst nRet = nNew;
+  if( pTerm ){
+    if( pTerm->truthProb<=0 ){
+      nRet += pTerm->truthProb;
+    }else if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
+      nRet -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
+    }
+  }
+  return nRet;
+}
+
 /*
 ** This function is used to estimate the number of rows that will be visited
 ** by scanning an index for a range of values. The range may have an upper
@@ -2067,7 +2091,7 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
    /* Determine iLower and iUpper using ($P) only. */
    if( nEq==0 ){
      iLower = 0;
-      iUpper = p->aiRowEst[0];
+      iUpper = sqlite3LogEstToInt(p->aiRowLogEst[0]);
    }else{
      /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must 
      ** have been requested when testing key $P in whereEqualScanEst().  */
@@ -2127,17 +2151,18 @@ static int whereRangeScanEst(
  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pBuilder);
 #endif
  assert( pLower || pUpper );
-  /* TUNING:  Each inequality constraint reduces the search space 4-fold.
-  ** A BETWEEN operator, therefore, reduces the search space 16-fold */
-  nNew = nOut;
-  if( pLower && (pLower->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
-    nNew -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
-    nOut--;
-  }
-  if( pUpper ){
-    nNew -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
-    nOut--;
-  }
+  assert( pUpper==0 || (pUpper->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 );
+  nNew = whereRangeAdjust(pLower, nOut);
+  nNew = whereRangeAdjust(pUpper, nNew);
+
+  /* TUNING: If there is both an upper and lower limit, assume the range is
+  ** reduced by an additional 75%. This means that, by default, an open-ended
+  ** range query (e.g. col > ?) is assumed to match 1/4 of the rows in the
+  ** index. While a closed range (e.g. col BETWEEN ? AND ?) is estimated to
+  ** match 1/64 of the index. */ 
+  if( pLower && pUpper ) nNew -= 20;
+
+  nOut -= (pLower!=0) + (pUpper!=0);
  if( nNew<10 ) nNew = 10;
  if( nNew<nOut ) nOut = nNew;
  pLoop->nOut = (LogEst)nOut;
@@ -2234,6 +2259,7 @@ static int whereInScanEst(
  tRowcnt *pnRow       /* Write the revised row estimate here */
 ){
  Index *p = pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.pIndex;
+  i64 nRow0 = sqlite3LogEstToInt(p->aiRowLogEst[0]);
  int nRecValid = pBuilder->nRecValid;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Subfunction return code */
  tRowcnt nEst;           /* Number of rows for a single term */
@@ -2242,14 +2268,14 @@ static int whereInScanEst(

  assert( p->aSample!=0 );
  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-    nEst = p->aiRowEst[0];
+    nEst = nRow0;
    rc = whereEqualScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pList->a[i].pExpr, &nEst);
    nRowEst += nEst;
    pBuilder->nRecValid = nRecValid;
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( nRowEst > p->aiRowEst[0] ) nRowEst = p->aiRowEst[0];
+    if( nRowEst > nRow0 ) nRowEst = nRow0;
    *pnRow = nRowEst;
    WHERETRACE(0x10,("IN row estimate: est=%g\n", nRowEst));
  }
@@ -3757,12 +3783,25 @@ static int whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(
 ** To say "WhereLoop X is a proper subset of Y" means that X uses fewer
 ** WHERE clause terms than Y and that every WHERE clause term used by X is
 ** also used by Y.
+**
+** This adjustment is omitted for SKIPSCAN loops.  In a SKIPSCAN loop, the
+** WhereLoop.nLTerm field is not an accurate measure of the number of WHERE
+** clause terms covered, since some of the first nLTerm entries in aLTerm[]
+** will be NULL (because they are skipped).  That makes it more difficult
+** to compare the loops.  We could add extra code to do the comparison, and
+** perhaps we will someday.  But SKIPSCAN is sufficiently uncommon, and this
+** adjustment is sufficient minor, that it is very difficult to construct
+** a test case where the extra code would improve the query plan.  Better
+** to avoid the added complexity and just omit cost adjustments to SKIPSCAN
+** loops.
 */
 static void whereLoopAdjustCost(const WhereLoop *p, WhereLoop *pTemplate){
  if( (pTemplate->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)==0 ) return;
+  if( (pTemplate->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0 ) return;
  for(; p; p=p->pNextLoop){
    if( p->iTab!=pTemplate->iTab ) continue;
    if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)==0 ) continue;
+    if( (p->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0 ) continue;
    if( whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(p, pTemplate) ){
      /* Adjust pTemplate cost downward so that it is cheaper than its 
      ** subset p */
@@ -3987,13 +4026,20 @@ static void whereLoopOutputAdjust(WhereClause *pWC, WhereLoop *pLoop){
      if( pX==pTerm ) break;
      if( pX->iParent>=0 && (&pWC->a[pX->iParent])==pTerm ) break;
    }
-    if( j<0 ) pLoop->nOut += pTerm->truthProb;
+    if( j<0 ){
+      pLoop->nOut += (pTerm->truthProb<=0 ? pTerm->truthProb : -1);
+    }
  }
 }

 /*
-** We have so far matched pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq terms of the index pIndex.
-** Try to match one more.
+** We have so far matched pBuilder->pNew->u.btree.nEq terms of the 
+** index pIndex. Try to match one more.
+**
+** When this function is called, pBuilder->pNew->nOut contains the 
+** number of rows expected to be visited by filtering using the nEq 
+** terms only. If it is modified, this value is restored before this 
+** function returns.
 **
 ** If pProbe->tnum==0, that means pIndex is a fake index used for the
 ** INTEGER PRIMARY KEY.
@@ -4019,7 +4065,6 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
  LogEst saved_nOut;              /* Original value of pNew->nOut */
  int iCol;                       /* Index of the column in the table */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
-  LogEst nRowEst;                 /* Estimated index selectivity */
  LogEst rLogSize;                /* Logarithm of table size */
  WhereTerm *pTop = 0, *pBtm = 0; /* Top and bottom range constraints */

@@ -4040,11 +4085,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
  assert( pNew->u.btree.nEq<=pProbe->nKeyCol );
  if( pNew->u.btree.nEq < pProbe->nKeyCol ){
    iCol = pProbe->aiColumn[pNew->u.btree.nEq];
-    nRowEst = sqlite3LogEst(pProbe->aiRowEst[pNew->u.btree.nEq+1]);
-    if( nRowEst==0 && pProbe->onError==OE_None ) nRowEst = 1;
  }else{
    iCol = -1;
-    nRowEst = 0;
  }
  pTerm = whereScanInit(&scan, pBuilder->pWC, pSrc->iCursor, iCol,
                        opMask, pProbe);
@@ -4055,18 +4097,23 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
  saved_prereq = pNew->prereq;
  saved_nOut = pNew->nOut;
  pNew->rSetup = 0;
-  rLogSize = estLog(sqlite3LogEst(pProbe->aiRowEst[0]));
+  rLogSize = estLog(pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0]);

  /* Consider using a skip-scan if there are no WHERE clause constraints
  ** available for the left-most terms of the index, and if the average
-  ** number of repeats in the left-most terms is at least 18.  The magic
-  ** number 18 was found by experimentation to be the payoff point where
-  ** skip-scan become faster than a full-scan.
-  */
+  ** number of repeats in the left-most terms is at least 18. 
+  **
+  ** The magic number 18 is selected on the basis that scanning 17 rows
+  ** is almost always quicker than an index seek (even though if the index
+  ** contains fewer than 2^17 rows we assume otherwise in other parts of
+  ** the code). And, even if it is not, it should not be too much slower. 
+  ** On the other hand, the extra seeks could end up being significantly
+  ** more expensive.  */
+  assert( 42==sqlite3LogEst(18) );
  if( pTerm==0
   && saved_nEq==saved_nSkip
   && saved_nEq+1<pProbe->nKeyCol
-   && pProbe->aiRowEst[saved_nEq+1]>=18  /* TUNING: Minimum for skip-scan */
+   && pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq+1]>=42  /* TUNING: Minimum for skip-scan */
   && (rc = whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1))==SQLITE_OK
  ){
    LogEst nIter;
@@ -4074,34 +4121,40 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
    pNew->u.btree.nSkip++;
    pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = 0;
    pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_SKIPSCAN;
-    nIter = sqlite3LogEst(pProbe->aiRowEst[0]/pProbe->aiRowEst[saved_nEq+1]);
-    pNew->rRun = rLogSize + nIter;
-    pNew->nOut += nIter;
-    whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nIter);
+    nIter = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq] - pProbe->aiRowLogEst[saved_nEq+1];
+    pNew->nOut -= nIter;
+    whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(pBuilder, pSrc, pProbe, nIter + nInMul);
    pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
  }
  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pTerm!=0; pTerm = whereScanNext(&scan)){
+    u16 eOp = pTerm->eOperator;   /* Shorthand for pTerm->eOperator */
+    LogEst rCostIdx;
+    LogEst nOutUnadjusted;        /* nOut before IN() and WHERE adjustments */
    int nIn = 0;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
    int nRecValid = pBuilder->nRecValid;
 #endif
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator==WO_ISNULL || (pTerm->wtFlags&TERM_VNULL)!=0)
+    if( (eOp==WO_ISNULL || (pTerm->wtFlags&TERM_VNULL)!=0)
     && (iCol<0 || pSrc->pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull)
    ){
      continue; /* ignore IS [NOT] NULL constraints on NOT NULL columns */
    }
    if( pTerm->prereqRight & pNew->maskSelf ) continue;

-    assert( pNew->nOut==saved_nOut );
-
    pNew->wsFlags = saved_wsFlags;
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = saved_nEq;
    pNew->nLTerm = saved_nLTerm;
    if( whereLoopResize(db, pNew, pNew->nLTerm+1) ) break; /* OOM */
    pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm++] = pTerm;
    pNew->prereq = (saved_prereq | pTerm->prereqRight) & ~pNew->maskSelf;
-    pNew->rRun = rLogSize; /* Baseline cost is log2(N).  Adjustments below */
-    if( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN ){
+
+    assert( nInMul==0
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_NULL)!=0 
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)!=0 
+        || (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_SKIPSCAN)!=0 
+    );
+
+    if( eOp & WO_IN ){
      Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_IN;
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
@@ -4113,83 +4166,118 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtreeIndex(
      }
      assert( nIn>0 );  /* RHS always has 2 or more terms...  The parser
                        ** changes "x IN (?)" into "x=?". */
-      pNew->rRun += nIn;
-      pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
-      pNew->nOut = nRowEst + nInMul + nIn;
-    }else if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ) ){
-      assert(
-        (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_COLUMN_NULL|WHERE_COLUMN_IN|WHERE_SKIPSCAN))!=0
-        || nInMul==0
-      );
+
+    }else if( eOp & (WO_EQ) ){
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_EQ;
-      if( iCol<0 || (nInMul==0 && pNew->u.btree.nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)){
-        assert( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_IN)==0 || iCol<0 );
+      if( iCol<0 || (nInMul==0 && pNew->u.btree.nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1) ){
        if( iCol>=0 && pProbe->onError==OE_None ){
          pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_UNQ_WANTED;
        }else{
          pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_ONEROW;
        }
      }
-      pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
-      pNew->nOut = nRowEst + nInMul;
-    }else if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_ISNULL) ){
+    }else if( eOp & WO_ISNULL ){
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_NULL;
-      pNew->u.btree.nEq++;
-      /* TUNING: IS NULL selects 2 rows */
-      nIn = 10;  assert( 10==sqlite3LogEst(2) );
-      pNew->nOut = nRowEst + nInMul + nIn;
-    }else if( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_GT|WO_GE) ){
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_GT );
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_GE );
+    }else if( eOp & (WO_GT|WO_GE) ){
+      testcase( eOp & WO_GT );
+      testcase( eOp & WO_GE );
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_BTM_LIMIT;
      pBtm = pTerm;
      pTop = 0;
    }else{
-      assert( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_LT|WO_LE) );
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_LT );
-      testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_LE );
+      assert( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) );
+      testcase( eOp & WO_LT );
+      testcase( eOp & WO_LE );
      pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE|WHERE_TOP_LIMIT;
      pTop = pTerm;
      pBtm = (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_BTM_LIMIT)!=0 ?
                     pNew->aLTerm[pNew->nLTerm-2] : 0;
    }
+
+    /* At this point pNew->nOut is set to the number of rows expected to
+    ** be visited by the index scan before considering term pTerm, or the
+    ** values of nIn and nInMul. In other words, assuming that all 
+    ** "x IN(...)" terms are replaced with "x = ?". This block updates
+    ** the value of pNew->nOut to account for pTerm (but not nIn/nInMul).  */
+    assert( pNew->nOut==saved_nOut );
    if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE ){
-      /* Adjust nOut and rRun for STAT3 range values */
-      assert( pNew->nOut==saved_nOut );
+      /* Adjust nOut using stat3/stat4 data. Or, if there is no stat3/stat4
+      ** data, using some other estimate.  */
      whereRangeScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pBtm, pTop, pNew);
-    }
+    }else{
+      int nEq = ++pNew->u.btree.nEq;
+      assert( eOp & (WO_ISNULL|WO_EQ|WO_IN) );
+
+      assert( pNew->nOut==saved_nOut );
+      if( pTerm->truthProb<=0 && iCol>=0 ){
+        assert( (eOp & WO_IN) || nIn==0 );
+        testcase( eOp & WO_IN );
+        pNew->nOut += pTerm->truthProb;
+        pNew->nOut -= nIn;
+        pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_LIKELIHOOD;
+      }else{
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
-    if( nInMul==0 
-     && pProbe->nSample 
-     && pNew->u.btree.nEq<=pProbe->nSampleCol
-     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat3) 
-    ){
-      Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-      tRowcnt nOut = 0;
-      if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL))!=0 ){
-        testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQ );
-        testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
-        rc = whereEqualScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pExpr->pRight, &nOut);
-      }else if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IN)
-             &&  !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect)  ){
-        rc = whereInScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pExpr->x.pList, &nOut);
-      }
-      assert( nOut==0 || rc==SQLITE_OK );
-      if( nOut ){
-        pNew->nOut = sqlite3LogEst(nOut);
-        if( pNew->nOut>saved_nOut ) pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
-      }
-    }
+        tRowcnt nOut = 0;
+        if( nInMul==0 
+         && pProbe->nSample 
+         && pNew->u.btree.nEq<=pProbe->nSampleCol
+         && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_Stat3) 
+         && ((eOp & WO_IN)==0 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect))
+         && (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_LIKELIHOOD)==0
+        ){
+          Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
+          if( (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_ISNULL))!=0 ){
+            testcase( eOp & WO_EQ );
+            testcase( eOp & WO_ISNULL );
+            rc = whereEqualScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pExpr->pRight, &nOut);
+          }else{
+            rc = whereInScanEst(pParse, pBuilder, pExpr->x.pList, &nOut);
+          }
+          assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK || nOut>0 );
+          if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;          /* Jump out of the pTerm loop */
+          if( nOut ){
+            pNew->nOut = sqlite3LogEst(nOut);
+            if( pNew->nOut>saved_nOut ) pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
+            pNew->nOut -= nIn;
+          }
+        }
+        if( nOut==0 )
 #endif
-    if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK))==0 ){
-      /* Each row involves a step of the index, then a binary search of
-      ** the main table */
-      pNew->rRun =  sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun,rLogSize>27 ? rLogSize-17 : 10);
+        {
+          pNew->nOut += (pProbe->aiRowLogEst[nEq] - pProbe->aiRowLogEst[nEq-1]);
+          if( eOp & WO_ISNULL ){
+            /* TUNING: If there is no likelihood() value, assume that a 
+            ** "col IS NULL" expression matches twice as many rows 
+            ** as (col=?). */
+            pNew->nOut += 10;
+          }
+        }
+      }
    }
-    /* Step cost for each output row */
-    pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, pNew->nOut);
+
+    /* Set rCostIdx to the cost of visiting selected rows in index. Add
+    ** it to pNew->rRun, which is currently set to the cost of the index
+    ** seek only. Then, if this is a non-covering index, add the cost of
+    ** visiting the rows in the main table.  */
+    rCostIdx = pNew->nOut + 1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pSrc->pTab->szTabRow;
+    pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rLogSize, rCostIdx);
+    if( (pNew->wsFlags & (WHERE_IDX_ONLY|WHERE_IPK))==0 ){
+      pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, pNew->nOut + 16);
+    }
+
+    nOutUnadjusted = pNew->nOut;
+    pNew->rRun += nInMul + nIn;
+    pNew->nOut += nInMul + nIn;
    whereLoopOutputAdjust(pBuilder->pWC, pNew);
    rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
+
+    if( pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_COLUMN_RANGE ){
+      pNew->nOut = saved_nOut;
+    }else{
+      pNew->nOut = nOutUnadjusted;
+    }
+
    if( (pNew->wsFlags & WHERE_TOP_LIMIT)==0
     && pNew->u.btree.nEq<(pProbe->nKeyCol + (pProbe->zName!=0))
    ){
@@ -4273,6 +4361,29 @@ static int whereUsablePartialIndex(int iTab, WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pWhere){
 ** Add all WhereLoop objects for a single table of the join where the table
 ** is idenfied by pBuilder->pNew->iTab.  That table is guaranteed to be
 ** a b-tree table, not a virtual table.
+**
+** The costs (WhereLoop.rRun) of the b-tree loops added by this function
+** are calculated as follows:
+**
+** For a full scan, assuming the table (or index) contains nRow rows:
+**
+**     cost = nRow * 3.0                    // full-table scan
+**     cost = nRow * K                      // scan of covering index
+**     cost = nRow * (K+3.0)                // scan of non-covering index
+**
+** where K is a value between 1.1 and 3.0 set based on the relative 
+** estimated average size of the index and table records.
+**
+** For an index scan, where nVisit is the number of index rows visited
+** by the scan, and nSeek is the number of seek operations required on 
+** the index b-tree:
+**
+**     cost = nSeek * (log(nRow) + K * nVisit)          // covering index
+**     cost = nSeek * (log(nRow) + (K+3.0) * nVisit)    // non-covering index
+**
+** Normally, nSeek is 1. nSeek values greater than 1 come about if the 
+** WHERE clause includes "x IN (....)" terms used in place of "x=?". Or when 
+** implicit "x IN (SELECT x FROM tbl)" terms are added for skip-scans.
 */
 static int whereLoopAddBtree(
  WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, /* WHERE clause information */
@@ -4281,7 +4392,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
  WhereInfo *pWInfo;          /* WHERE analysis context */
  Index *pProbe;              /* An index we are evaluating */
  Index sPk;                  /* A fake index object for the primary key */
-  tRowcnt aiRowEstPk[2];      /* The aiRowEst[] value for the sPk index */
+  LogEst aiRowEstPk[2];       /* The aiRowLogEst[] value for the sPk index */
  i16 aiColumnPk = -1;        /* The aColumn[] value for the sPk index */
  SrcList *pTabList;          /* The FROM clause */
  struct SrcList_item *pSrc;  /* The FROM clause btree term to add */
@@ -4316,11 +4427,12 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
    memset(&sPk, 0, sizeof(Index));
    sPk.nKeyCol = 1;
    sPk.aiColumn = &aiColumnPk;
-    sPk.aiRowEst = aiRowEstPk;
+    sPk.aiRowLogEst = aiRowEstPk;
    sPk.onError = OE_Replace;
    sPk.pTable = pTab;
-    aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowEst;
-    aiRowEstPk[1] = 1;
+    sPk.szIdxRow = pTab->szTabRow;
+    aiRowEstPk[0] = pTab->nRowLogEst;
+    aiRowEstPk[1] = 0;
    pFirst = pSrc->pTab->pIndex;
    if( pSrc->notIndexed==0 ){
      /* The real indices of the table are only considered if the
@@ -4329,7 +4441,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
    }
    pProbe = &sPk;
  }
-  rSize = sqlite3LogEst(pTab->nRowEst);
+  rSize = pTab->nRowLogEst;
  rLogSize = estLog(rSize);

 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
@@ -4379,6 +4491,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
     && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pNew->iTab, pWC, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere) ){
      continue;  /* Partial index inappropriate for this query */
    }
+    rSize = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0];
    pNew->u.btree.nEq = 0;
    pNew->u.btree.nSkip = 0;
    pNew->nLTerm = 0;
@@ -4396,10 +4509,8 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(

      /* Full table scan */
      pNew->iSortIdx = b ? iSortIdx : 0;
-      /* TUNING: Cost of full table scan is 3*(N + log2(N)).
-      **  +  The extra 3 factor is to encourage the use of indexed lookups
-      **     over full scans.  FIXME */
-      pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rSize,rLogSize) + 16;
+      /* TUNING: Cost of full table scan is (N*3.0). */
+      pNew->rRun = rSize + 16;
      whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew);
      rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
      pNew->nOut = rSize;
@@ -4426,35 +4537,16 @@ static int whereLoopAddBtree(
          )
      ){
        pNew->iSortIdx = b ? iSortIdx : 0;
-        /* TUNING:  The base cost of an index scan is N + log2(N).
-        ** The log2(N) is for the initial seek to the beginning and the N
-        ** is for the scan itself. */
-        pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(rSize, rLogSize);
-        if( m==0 ){
-          /* TUNING: Cost of a covering index scan is K*(N + log2(N)).
-          **  +  The extra factor K of between 1.1 and 3.0 that depends
-          **     on the relative sizes of the table and the index.  K
-          **     is smaller for smaller indices, thus favoring them.
-          **     The upper bound on K (3.0) matches the penalty factor
-          **     on a full table scan that tries to encourage the use of
-          **     indexed lookups over full scans.
-          */
-          pNew->rRun +=  1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pTab->szTabRow;
-        }else{
-          /* TUNING: The cost of scanning a non-covering index is multiplied
-          ** by log2(N) to account for the binary search of the main table
-          ** that must happen for each row of the index.
-          ** TODO: Should there be a multiplier here, analogous to the 3x
-          ** multiplier for a fulltable scan or covering index scan, to
-          ** further discourage the use of an index scan?  Or is the log2(N)
-          ** term sufficient discouragement?
-          ** TODO: What if some or all of the WHERE clause terms can be
-          ** computed without reference to the original table.  Then the
-          ** penality should reduce to logK where K is the number of output
-          ** rows.
-          */
-          pNew->rRun += rLogSize;
+
+        /* The cost of visiting the index rows is N*K, where K is
+        ** between 1.1 and 3.0, depending on the relative sizes of the
+        ** index and table rows. If this is a non-covering index scan,
+        ** also add the cost of visiting table rows (N*3.0).  */
+        pNew->rRun = rSize + 1 + (15*pProbe->szIdxRow)/pTab->szTabRow;
+        if( m!=0 ){
+          pNew->rRun = sqlite3LogEstAdd(pNew->rRun, rSize+16);
        }
+
        whereLoopOutputAdjust(pWC, pNew);
        rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
        pNew->nOut = rSize;
@@ -4658,7 +4750,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, Bitmask mExtra){
  int iCur;
  WhereClause tempWC;
  WhereLoopBuilder sSubBuild;
-  WhereOrSet sSum, sCur, sPrev;
+  WhereOrSet sSum, sCur;
  struct SrcList_item *pItem;
  
  pWC = pBuilder->pWC;
@@ -4714,6 +4806,7 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, Bitmask mExtra){
          whereOrMove(&sSum, &sCur);
          once = 0;
        }else{
+          WhereOrSet sPrev;
          whereOrMove(&sPrev, &sSum);
          sSum.n = 0;
          for(i=0; i<sPrev.n; i++){
@@ -4732,8 +4825,19 @@ static int whereLoopAddOr(WhereLoopBuilder *pBuilder, Bitmask mExtra){
      pNew->iSortIdx = 0;
      memset(&pNew->u, 0, sizeof(pNew->u));
      for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<sSum.n; i++){
-        /* TUNING: Multiple by 3.5 for the secondary table lookup */
-        pNew->rRun = sSum.a[i].rRun + 18;
+        /* TUNING: Currently sSum.a[i].rRun is set to the sum of the costs
+        ** of all sub-scans required by the OR-scan. However, due to rounding
+        ** errors, it may be that the cost of the OR-scan is equal to its
+        ** most expensive sub-scan. Add the smallest possible penalty 
+        ** (equivalent to multiplying the cost by 1.07) to ensure that 
+        ** this does not happen. Otherwise, for WHERE clauses such as the
+        ** following where there is an index on "y":
+        **
+        **     WHERE likelihood(x=?, 0.99) OR y=?
+        **
+        ** the planner may elect to "OR" together a full-table scan and an
+        ** index lookup. And other similarly odd results.  */
+        pNew->rRun = sSum.a[i].rRun + 1;
        pNew->nOut = sSum.a[i].nOut;
        pNew->prereq = sSum.a[i].prereq;
        rc = whereLoopInsert(pBuilder, pNew);
@@ -4857,14 +4961,6 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
  */

  assert( pOrderBy!=0 );
-
-  /* Sortability of virtual tables is determined by the xBestIndex method
-  ** of the virtual table itself */
-  if( pLast->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE ){
-    testcase( nLoop>0 );  /* True when outer loops are one-row and match 
-                          ** no ORDER BY terms */
-    return pLast->u.vtab.isOrdered;
-  }
  if( nLoop && OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin) ) return 0;

  nOrderBy = pOrderBy->nExpr;
@@ -4877,7 +4973,10 @@ static i8 wherePathSatisfiesOrderBy(
  for(iLoop=0; isOrderDistinct && obSat<obDone && iLoop<=nLoop; iLoop++){
    if( iLoop>0 ) ready |= pLoop->maskSelf;
    pLoop = iLoop<nLoop ? pPath->aLoop[iLoop] : pLast;
-    assert( (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)==0 );
+    if( pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE ){
+      if( pLoop->u.vtab.isOrdered ) obSat = obDone;
+      break;
+    }
    iCur = pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].iCursor;

    /* Mark off any ORDER BY term X that is a column in the table of
@@ -5184,22 +5283,27 @@ static int wherePathSolver(WhereInfo *pWInfo, LogEst nRowEst){
                       pWInfo->pOrderBy, pFrom, pWInfo->wctrlFlags,
                       iLoop, pWLoop, &revMask);
          if( isOrdered>=0 && isOrdered<nOrderBy ){
-            /* TUNING: Estimated cost of sorting is N*log(N).
-            ** If the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y terms
-            ** are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the sorting
-            ** cost to N*log(N)*log(Y/X).  The log(Y/X) term is computed
-            ** by rScale.
-            ** TODO: Should the sorting cost get a small multiplier to help
-            ** discourage the use of sorting and encourage the use of index
-            ** scans instead?
-            */
+            /* TUNING: Estimated cost of a full external sort, where N is 
+            ** the number of rows to sort is:
+            **
+            **   cost = (3.0 * N * log(N)).
+            ** 
+            ** Or, if the order-by clause has X terms but only the last Y 
+            ** terms are out of order, then block-sorting will reduce the 
+            ** sorting cost to:
+            **
+            **   cost = (3.0 * N * log(N)) * (Y/X)
+            **
+            ** The (Y/X) term is implemented using stack variable rScale
+            ** below.  */
            LogEst rScale, rSortCost;
-            assert( nOrderBy>0 );
+            assert( nOrderBy>0 && 66==sqlite3LogEst(100) );
            rScale = sqlite3LogEst((nOrderBy-isOrdered)*100/nOrderBy) - 66;
-            rSortCost = nRowEst + estLog(nRowEst) + rScale;
+            rSortCost = nRowEst + estLog(nRowEst) + rScale + 16;
+
            /* TUNING: The cost of implementing DISTINCT using a B-TREE is
-            ** also N*log(N) but it has a larger constant of proportionality.
-            ** Multiply by 3.0. */
+            ** similar but with a larger constant of proportionality. 
+            ** Multiply by an additional factor of 3.0.  */
            if( pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
              rSortCost += 16;
            }
@@ -458,3 +458,4 @@ struct WhereInfo {
 #define WHERE_AUTO_INDEX   0x00004000  /* Uses an ephemeral index */
 #define WHERE_SKIPSCAN     0x00008000  /* Uses the skip-scan algorithm */
 #define WHERE_UNQ_WANTED   0x00010000  /* WHERE_ONEROW would have been helpful*/
+#define WHERE_LIKELIHOOD   0x00020000  /* A likelihood() is affecting nOut */
@@ -103,12 +103,21 @@ do_test analyze3-1.1.1 {
  }
 } {1}

+do_execsql_test analyze3-1.1.x {
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t1 WHERE x>200 AND x<300;
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t1 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100;
+} {99 1000}
+
+# The first of the following two SELECT statements visits 99 rows. So
+# it is better to use the index. But the second visits every row in 
+# the table (1000 in total) so it is better to do a full-table scan.
+#
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.1.2 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>200 AND x<300
 } {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (x>? AND x<?)}}
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.1.3 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100 
-} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (x>? AND x<?)}}
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}}

 do_test analyze3-1.1.4 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>200 AND x<300 }
@@ -125,17 +134,17 @@ do_test analyze3-1.1.6 {
 } {199 0 14850}
 do_test analyze3-1.1.7 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100 }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}
 do_test analyze3-1.1.8 {
  set l [string range "0" 0 end]
  set u [string range "1100" 0 end]
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}
 do_test analyze3-1.1.9 {
  set l [expr int(0)]
  set u [expr int(1100)]
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t1 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}


 # The following tests are similar to the block above. The difference is
@@ -152,12 +161,17 @@ do_test analyze3-1.2.1 {
    ANALYZE;
  }
 } {}
+do_execsql_test analyze3-2.1.x {
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE x>1 AND x<2;
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE x>0 AND x<99;
+} {200 990}
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.2.2 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>1 AND x<2
 } {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INDEX i2 (x>? AND x<?)}}
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.2.3 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>0 AND x<99
-} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INDEX i2 (x>? AND x<?)}}
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2}}
+
 do_test analyze3-1.2.4 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>12 AND x<20 }
 } {161 0 4760}
@@ -173,17 +187,17 @@ do_test analyze3-1.2.6 {
 } {161 0 integer integer 4760}
 do_test analyze3-1.2.7 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>0 AND x<99 }
-} {1981 0 490555}
+} {999 999 490555}
 do_test analyze3-1.2.8 {
  set l [string range "0" 0 end]
  set u [string range "99" 0 end]
  sf_execsql {SELECT typeof($l), typeof($u), sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u}
-} {1981 0 text text 490555}
+} {999 999 text text 490555}
 do_test analyze3-1.2.9 {
  set l [expr int(0)]
  set u [expr int(99)]
  sf_execsql {SELECT typeof($l), typeof($u), sum(y) FROM t2 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u}
-} {1981 0 integer integer 490555}
+} {999 999 integer integer 490555}

 # Same tests a third time. This time, column x has INTEGER affinity and
 # is not the leftmost column of the table. This triggered a bug causing
@@ -199,12 +213,16 @@ do_test analyze3-1.3.1 {
    ANALYZE;
  }
 } {}
+do_execsql_test analyze3-1.3.x {
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t3 WHERE x>200 AND x<300;
+  SELECT count(*) FROM t3 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100
+} {99 1000}
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.3.2 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>200 AND x<300
 } {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t3 USING INDEX i3 (x>? AND x<?)}}
 do_eqp_test analyze3-1.3.3 {
  SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100
-} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t3 USING INDEX i3 (x>? AND x<?)}}
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t3}}

 do_test analyze3-1.3.4 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>200 AND x<300 }
@@ -221,17 +239,17 @@ do_test analyze3-1.3.6 {
 } {199 0 14850}
 do_test analyze3-1.3.7 {
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>0 AND x<1100 }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}
 do_test analyze3-1.3.8 {
  set l [string range "0" 0 end]
  set u [string range "1100" 0 end]
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}
 do_test analyze3-1.3.9 {
  set l [expr int(0)]
  set u [expr int(1100)]
  sf_execsql { SELECT sum(y) FROM t3 WHERE x>$l AND x<$u }
-} {2000 0 499500}
+} {999 999 499500}

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test that the values of bound SQL variables may be used for the LIKE
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ foreach {tn schema} {
 drop_all_tables
 do_test 13.1 {
  execsql {
-    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c, d);
    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b, c);
  }
@@ -577,16 +577,16 @@ do_test 13.1 {
  execsql ANALYZE
 } {}
 do_eqp_test 13.2.1 {
-  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<15 AND b<20
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<15 AND b<12
 } {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
 do_eqp_test 13.2.2 {
-  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'15' AND b<20
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'15' AND b<12
 } {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1/}
 do_eqp_test 13.3.1 {
-  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<100 AND b<20
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<100 AND b<12
 } {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i2/}
 do_eqp_test 13.3.2 {
-  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'100' AND b<20
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a='abc' AND rowid<'100' AND b<12
 } {/SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i2/}

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -97,6 +97,8 @@ do_test autoindex1-210 {
    PRAGMA automatic_index=ON;
    ANALYZE;
    UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat='10000' WHERE tbl='t1';
+    -- Table t2 actually contains 8 rows.
+    UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat='16' WHERE tbl='t2';
    ANALYZE sqlite_master;
    SELECT b, (SELECT d FROM t2 WHERE c=a) FROM t1;
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# 2014-04-26
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# 
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix cost
+
+
+do_execsql_test 1.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t3(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b NOT NULL);
+  CREATE TABLE t4(c, d, e);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i3 ON t3(b);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i4 ON t4(c, d);
+}
+do_eqp_test 1.2 {
+  SELECT e FROM t3, t4 WHERE b=c ORDER BY b, d;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t3 USING COVERING INDEX i3} 
+  0 1 1 {SEARCH TABLE t4 USING INDEX i4 (c=?)}
+}
+
+
+do_execsql_test 2.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
+}
+
+# It is better to use an index for ORDER BY than sort externally, even 
+# if the index is a non-covering index.
+do_eqp_test 2.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1}
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 3.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t5(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,b,c,d,e,f,g);
+  CREATE INDEX t5b ON t5(b);
+  CREATE INDEX t5c ON t5(c);
+  CREATE INDEX t5d ON t5(d);
+  CREATE INDEX t5e ON t5(e);
+  CREATE INDEX t5f ON t5(f);
+  CREATE INDEX t5g ON t5(g);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 3.2 {
+  SELECT a FROM t5 
+  WHERE b IS NULL OR c IS NULL OR d IS NULL 
+  ORDER BY a;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t5 USING INDEX t5b (b=?)} 
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t5 USING INDEX t5c (c=?)} 
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t5 USING INDEX t5d (d=?)} 
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# If there is no likelihood() or stat3 data, SQLite assumes that a closed
+# range scan (e.g. one constrained by "col BETWEEN ? AND ?" constraint)
+# visits 1/64 of the rows in a table.
+#
+# Note: 1/63 =~ 0.016
+# Note: 1/65 =~ 0.015
+#
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 4.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
+  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(b);
+}
+do_eqp_test 4.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(a=?, 0.014) AND b BETWEEN ? AND ?;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (a=?)}
+}
+do_eqp_test 4.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(a=?, 0.016) AND b BETWEEN ? AND ?;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i2 (b>? AND b<?)}
+}
+
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 5.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t2(x, y);
+  CREATE INDEX t2i1 ON t2(x);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 5.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t2 ORDER BY x, y;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2i1} 
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 5.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE x BETWEEN ? AND ? ORDER BY rowid;
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2i1 (x>? AND x<?)} 
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+}
+
+# where7.test, where8.test:
+#
+do_execsql_test 6.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t3(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b, c);
+  CREATE INDEX t3i1 ON t3(b);
+  CREATE INDEX t3i2 ON t3(c);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 6.2 {
+  SELECT a FROM t3 WHERE (b BETWEEN 2 AND 4) OR c=100 ORDER BY a
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t3 USING INDEX t3i1 (b>? AND b<?)} 
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t3 USING INDEX t3i2 (c=?)}
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 7.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,b,c,d,e,f,g);
+  CREATE INDEX t1b ON t1(b);
+  CREATE INDEX t1c ON t1(c);
+  CREATE INDEX t1d ON t1(d);
+  CREATE INDEX t1e ON t1(e);
+  CREATE INDEX t1f ON t1(f);
+  CREATE INDEX t1g ON t1(g);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 7.2 {
+  SELECT a FROM t1
+     WHERE (b>=950 AND b<=1010) OR (b IS NULL AND c NOT NULL)
+  ORDER BY a
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1b (b>? AND b<?)} 
+  0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX t1b (b=?)} 
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 7.3 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t1
+  WHERE (+b IS NULL AND c NOT NULL AND d NOT NULL)
+        OR (b NOT NULL AND c IS NULL AND d NOT NULL)
+        OR (b NOT NULL AND c NOT NULL AND d IS NULL)
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 7.4 {
+  SELECT rowid FROM t1 WHERE (+b IS NULL AND c NOT NULL) OR c IS NULL
+} {
+  0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 8.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE composer(
+    cid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    cname TEXT
+  );
+  CREATE TABLE album(
+    aid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    aname TEXT
+  );
+  CREATE TABLE track(
+    tid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
+    cid INTEGER REFERENCES composer,
+    aid INTEGER REFERENCES album,
+    title TEXT
+  );
+  CREATE INDEX track_i1 ON track(cid);
+  CREATE INDEX track_i2 ON track(aid);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 8.2 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT aname
+    FROM album, composer, track
+   WHERE cname LIKE '%bach%'
+     AND unlikely(composer.cid=track.cid)
+     AND unlikely(album.aid=track.aid);
+} {
+  0 0 2 {SCAN TABLE track} 
+  0 1 0 {SEARCH TABLE album USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)}
+  0 2 1 {SEARCH TABLE composer USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)}
+  0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR DISTINCT}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+do_execsql_test 9.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(
+    a,b,c,d,e, f,g,h,i,j,
+    k,l,m,n,o, p,q,r,s,t
+  );
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t);
+}
+do_test 9.2 {
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 DEFAULT VALUES }
+  }
+  execsql {
+    ANALYZE;
+    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t1(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j);
+  }
+} {}
+
+set L [list a=? b=? c=? d=? e=? f=? g=? h=? i=? j=?]
+foreach {tn nTerm nRow} {
+  1   1 10
+  2   2  9
+  3   3  8
+  4   4  7
+  5   5  6
+  6   6  5
+  7   7  5
+  8   8  5
+  9   9  5
+  10 10  5
+} {
+  set w [join [lrange $L 0 [expr $nTerm-1]] " AND "]
+  set p1 [expr ($nRow-1) / 100.0]
+  set p2 [expr ($nRow+1) / 100.0]
+
+  set sql1 "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(k=?, $p1) AND $w"
+  set sql2 "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(k=?, $p2) AND $w"
+
+  do_eqp_test 9.3.$tn.1 $sql1 {/INDEX i1/}
+  do_eqp_test 9.3.$tn.2 $sql2 {/INDEX i2/}
+}
+
+
+
+finish_test
+
+
+
@@ -884,9 +884,10 @@ do_execsql_test e_createtable-3.3.1 {
  );
 } {}

-# EVIDENCE-OF: R-10288-43169 For the purposes of the DEFAULT clause, an
+# EVIDENCE-OF: R-36381-62919 For the purposes of the DEFAULT clause, an
 # expression is considered constant provided that it does not contain
-# any sub-queries or string constants enclosed in double quotes.
+# any sub-queries, column or table references, or string literals
+# enclosed in double-quotes instead of single-quotes.
 #
 do_createtable_tests 3.4.1 -error {
  default value of column [x] is not constant
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ reset_db
 #
 # This also tests that foreign key constraints are disabled by default.
 #
-# EVIDENCE-OF: R-59578-04990 Foreign key constraints are disabled by
+# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44261-39702 Foreign key constraints are disabled by
 # default (for backwards compatibility), so must be enabled separately
-# for each database connection separately.
+# for each database connection.
 #
 drop_all_tables
 do_test e_fkey-4.1 {
@@ -163,9 +163,10 @@ do_test e_fkey-4.2 {
 } {world}

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15278-54456 The application can can also use a PRAGMA
+# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08013-37737 The application can also use a PRAGMA
 # foreign_keys statement to determine if foreign keys are currently
 # enabled.
+
 #
 # This also tests the example code in section 2 of foreignkeys.in.
 #
@@ -2990,8 +2991,8 @@ if {[clang_sanitize_address]==0} {
 # The setting of the recursive_triggers pragma does not affect foreign
 # key actions.
 #
-# EVIDENCE-OF: R-51769-32730 The PRAGMA recursive_triggers setting does
-# not not affect the operation of foreign key actions.
+# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44355-00270 The PRAGMA recursive_triggers setting does
+# not affect the operation of foreign key actions.
 #
 foreach recursive_triggers_setting [list 0 1 ON OFF] {
  drop_all_tables
@@ -312,8 +312,8 @@ do_eqp_test 4.2.3 {
 } {
  1 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  1 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
-  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2} 
-  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2i1} 
+  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
  0 0 0 {COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 1 AND 2 (UNION)} 
 }
 do_eqp_test 4.2.4 {
@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ do_eqp_test 4.2.4 {
 } {
  1 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  1 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
-  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2} 
-  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2i1} 
+  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
  0 0 0 {COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 1 AND 2 (INTERSECT)} 
 }
 do_eqp_test 4.2.5 {
@@ -330,8 +330,8 @@ do_eqp_test 4.2.5 {
 } {
  1 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 
  1 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
-  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2} 
-  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}
+  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2i1} 
+  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
  0 0 0 {COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 1 AND 2 (EXCEPT)} 
 }

@@ -145,11 +145,11 @@ do_test index6-2.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t2(a,b);
    INSERT INTO t2(a,b) SELECT value, value FROM nums WHERE value<1000;
-    UPDATE t2 SET a=NULL WHERE b%5==0;
+    UPDATE t2 SET a=NULL WHERE b%2==0;
    CREATE INDEX t2a1 ON t2(a) WHERE a IS NOT NULL;
    SELECT count(*) FROM t2 WHERE a IS NOT NULL;
  }
-} {800}
+} {500}
 do_test index6-2.2 {
  execsql {
    EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ do_test index6-2.2 {
  }
 } {/.* TABLE t2 USING INDEX t2a1 .*/}
 ifcapable stat4||stat3 {
+  execsql ANALYZE
  do_test index6-2.3stat4 {
    execsql {
      EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
@@ -880,6 +880,48 @@ do_malloc_test 39 -tclprep {
  db close
 }

+reset_db
+add_test_utf16bin_collate db
+do_execsql_test 40.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('fghij');
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('pqrst');
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abcde');
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('uvwxy');
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('klmno');
+}
+do_execsql_test 40.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE utf16bin;
+} {abcde fghij klmno pqrst uvwxy}
+do_faultsim_test 40.3 -faults oom-trans* -body {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE utf16bin;
+  }
+} -test {
+  faultsim_test_result {0 {abcde fghij klmno pqrst uvwxy}} 
+  faultsim_integrity_check
+}
+
+reset_db
+add_test_utf16bin_collate db
+set big [string repeat x 200]
+do_execsql_test 41.1 {
+  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a COLLATE utf16bin);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('fghij' || $::big);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('pqrst' || $::big);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abcde' || $::big);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('uvwxy' || $::big);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('klmno' || $::big);
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
+}
+do_faultsim_test 41.2 -faults oom* -body {
+  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = ('abcde' || $::big)}
+} -test {
+  faultsim_test_result [list 0 "abcde$::big"]
+  faultsim_integrity_check
+}
+
 # Ensure that no file descriptors were leaked.
 do_test malloc-99.X {
  catch {db close}
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ if {!$MEMDEBUG} {
   return
 }

-
 # Construct a test database
 #
 forcedelete test.db.bu
@@ -116,6 +115,28 @@ ifcapable stat3 {
  }
 }

+do_execsql_test 7.0 {
+  PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+}
+do_faultsim_test 7 -faults oom-trans* -prep {
+  if {$iFail < 500} { set iFail 2000 }
+  if {$iFail > 1215} { set iFail 2000 }
+} -body {
+  execsql {
+    WITH r(x,y) AS (
+      SELECT 1, randomblob(100)
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT x+1, randomblob(100) FROM r
+      LIMIT 1000
+    )
+    SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5)
+  }
+} -test {
+  set res [list 200 100 200 100 200 100 200 100 200 100]
+  faultsim_test_result [list 0 $res]
+}
+
+
 # Ensure that no file descriptors were leaked.
 do_test malloc-99.X {
  catch {db close}
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ do_execsql_test 2.1a {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
 } {~/B-TREE/}
+
 do_execsql_test 2.1b {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
-  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(a=0, 0.05) ORDER BY a, b, c;
 } {/B-TREE/}

-
 do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN
  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE +a=0 ORDER BY a, b, c;
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# 2014-04-25
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
+# focus of this file is testing ORDER BY optimizations on joins
+# that involve virtual tables.
+#
+
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set ::testprefix orderby7
+
+ifcapable !fts3 {
+  finish_test
+  return
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 1.0 {
+  CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE fts USING fts3(content TEXT);
+  INSERT INTO fts(rowid,content)
+     VALUES(1,'this is a test of the fts3 virtual'),
+           (2,'table used as part of a join together'),
+           (3,'with the DISTINCT keyword.  There was'),
+           (4,'a bug at one time (2013-06 through 2014-04)'),
+           (5,'that prevented this from working correctly.'),
+           (11,'a row that occurs twice'),
+           (12,'a row that occurs twice');
+ 
+  CREATE TABLE t1(x TEXT PRIMARY KEY, y);
+  INSERT OR IGNORE INTO t1 SELECT content, rowid+100 FROM fts;
+} {}
+do_execsql_test 1.1 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT fts.rowid, t1.y
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY y;
+} {11 111 12 111}
+do_execsql_test 1.2 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT fts.rowid, t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY 1;
+} {11 {a row that occurs twice} 12 {a row that occurs twice}}
+do_execsql_test 1.3 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY 1;
+} {{a row that occurs twice}}
+do_execsql_test 1.4 {
+  SELECT t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY 1;
+} {{a row that occurs twice} {a row that occurs twice}}
+do_execsql_test 1.5 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x;
+} {{a row that occurs twice}}
+do_execsql_test 1.6 {
+  SELECT t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts MATCH 'that twice'
+     AND content=x;
+} {{a row that occurs twice} {a row that occurs twice}}
+
+do_execsql_test 2.1 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT t1.x
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts.rowid=11
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY fts.rowid;
+} {{a row that occurs twice}}
+do_execsql_test 2.2 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT t1.*
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts.rowid=11
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY fts.rowid;
+} {{a row that occurs twice} 111}
+do_execsql_test 2.3 {
+  SELECT DISTINCT t1.*
+    FROM fts, t1
+   WHERE fts.rowid=11
+     AND content=x
+   ORDER BY t1.y
+} {{a row that occurs twice} 111}
+
+
+
+
+finish_test
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ set allquicktests [test_set $alltests -exclude {
  incrvacuum_ioerr.test autovacuum_crash.test btree8.test shared_err.test
  vtab_err.test walslow.test walcrash.test walcrash3.test
  walthread.test rtree3.test indexfault.test securedel2.test
+  sort3.test sort4.test
 }]
 if {[info exists ::env(QUICKTEST_INCLUDE)]} {
  set allquicktests [concat $allquicktests $::env(QUICKTEST_INCLUDE)]
@@ -331,6 +332,12 @@ test_suite "coverage-analyze" -description {
  analyze.test analyzeB.test mallocA.test
 } 

+test_suite "coverage-sorter" -description {
+  Coverage tests for file vdbesort.c.
+} -files {
+  sort.test sortfault.test
+} 
+

 lappend ::testsuitelist xxx
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -462,7 +469,7 @@ test_suite "multithread" -description {
 } -files {
  delete.test   delete2.test  insert.test  rollback.test  select1.test
  select2.test  trans.test    update.test  vacuum.test    types.test
-  types2.test   types3.test
+  types2.test   types3.test   sort4.test
 } -shutdown {
  catch {db close}
  sqlite3_shutdown
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@

 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
 source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix selectA

 ifcapable !compound {
  finish_test
@@ -1310,4 +1311,68 @@ do_execsql_test selectA-3.98 {
  SELECT n FROM xyz ORDER BY +n;
 } {MAD MAD+ MAD++}

+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# At one point the following code exposed a temp register reuse problem.
+#
+proc f {args} { return 1 }
+db func f f
+
+do_execsql_test 4.1.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t4(a, b);
+  CREATE TABLE t5(c, d);
+
+  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(1, 'x');
+  INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(2, 'x');
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(3, 'x');
+  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(4, 'x');
+
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t4(a);
+  CREATE INDEX i2 ON t5(c);
+}
+
+do_eqp_test 4.1.2 {
+  SELECT c, d FROM t5 
+  UNION ALL
+  SELECT a, b FROM t4 WHERE f()==f()
+  ORDER BY 1,2
+} {
+  1 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t5 USING INDEX i2} 
+  1 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
+  2 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t4 USING INDEX i1} 
+  2 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR RIGHT PART OF ORDER BY}
+  0 0 0 {COMPOUND SUBQUERIES 1 AND 2 (UNION ALL)}
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 4.1.3 {
+  SELECT c, d FROM t5 
+  UNION ALL
+  SELECT a, b FROM t4 WHERE f()==f()
+  ORDER BY 1,2
+} {
+  1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 4.2.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t6(a, b);
+  CREATE TABLE t7(c, d);
+
+  INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(2, 9);
+  INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(3, 0);
+  INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(4, 1);
+  INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(5, 6);
+  INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(6, 0);
+  INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(7, 6);
+
+  CREATE INDEX i6 ON t6(a);
+  CREATE INDEX i7 ON t7(c);
+}
+
+do_execsql_test 4.2.2 {
+  SELECT c, f(d,c,d,c,d) FROM t7
+  UNION ALL
+  SELECT a, b FROM t6 
+  ORDER BY 1,2
+} {/2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 ./}
+
+
 finish_test
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#!/usr/bin/tclsh
+#
+# This script displays the field of rectangles used by --testset rtree
+# of speedtest1.  Run this script as follows:
+#
+#      rm test.db
+#      ./speedtest1 --testset rtree --size 25 test.db
+#      sqlite3 --separator ' ' test.db 'SELECT * FROM rt1' >data.txt
+#      wish show_speedtest1_rtree.tcl
+#
+# The filename "data.txt" is hard coded into this script and so that name
+# must be used on lines 3 and 4 above.  Elsewhere, different filenames can
+# be used.  The --size N parameter can be adjusted as desired.
+#
+package require Tk
+set f [open data.txt rb]
+set data [read $f]
+close $f
+canvas .c
+frame .b
+button .b.b1 -text X-Y -command refill-xy
+button .b.b2 -text X-Z -command refill-xz
+button .b.b3 -text Y-Z -command refill-yz
+pack .b.b1 .b.b2 .b.b3 -side left
+pack .c -side top -fill both -expand 1
+pack .b -side top
+proc resize_canvas_to_fit {} {
+  foreach {x0 y0 x1 y1} [.c bbox all] break
+  set w [expr {$x1-$x0}]
+  set h [expr {$y1-$y0}]
+  .c config -width $w -height $h
+}
+proc refill-xy {} {
+  .c delete all
+  foreach {id x0 x1 y0 y1 z0 z1} $::data {
+    .c create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1
+  }
+  .c scale all 0 0 0.05 0.05
+  resize_canvas_to_fit
+}
+proc refill-xz {} {
+  .c delete all
+  foreach {id x0 x1 y0 y1 z0 z1} $::data {
+    .c create rectangle $x0 $z0 $x1 $z1
+  }
+  .c scale all 0 0 0.05 0.05
+  resize_canvas_to_fit
+}
+proc refill-yz {} {
+  .c delete all
+  foreach {id x0 x1 y0 y1 z0 z1} $::data {
+    .c create rectangle $y0 $z0 $y1 $z1
+  }
+  .c scale all 0 0 0.05 0.05
+  resize_canvas_to_fit
+}
+refill-xy
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ do_execsql_test skipscan2-1.4 {
  -- of a skip-scan.  So make a manual adjustment to the stat1 table
  -- to make it seem like there are many more.
  UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat='10000 5000 20' WHERE idx='people_idx1';
+  UPDATE sqlite_stat1 SET stat='10000 1' WHERE idx='sqlite_autoindex_people_1';
  ANALYZE sqlite_master;
 }
 db cache flush
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 #    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
 #
 #***********************************************************************
-# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
-# focus of this file is testing the CREATE TABLE statement.
 #
-# $Id: sort.test,v 1.25 2005/11/14 22:29:06 drh Exp $
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
+# focus of this file is testing the sorter (code in vdbesort.c).
+#

 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
 source $testdir/tester.tcl
@@ -464,4 +464,177 @@ do_test sort-12.1 {
  }
 } {1 2 xxx 1 3 yyy 1 1 zzz}

+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Check that the sorter in vdbesort.c sorts in a stable fashion.
+#
+do_execsql_test sort-13.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE t10(a, b);
+}
+do_test sort-13.1 {
+  db transaction {
+    for {set i 0} {$i < 100000} {incr i} {
+      execsql { INSERT INTO t10 VALUES( $i/10, $i%10 ) }
+    }
+  }
+} {}
+do_execsql_test sort-13.2 {
+  SELECT a, b FROM t10 ORDER BY a;
+} [db eval {SELECT a, b FROM t10 ORDER BY a, b}]
+do_execsql_test sort-13.3 {
+  PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+  SELECT a, b FROM t10 ORDER BY a;
+} [db eval {SELECT a, b FROM t10 ORDER BY a, b}]
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Sort some large ( > 4KiB) records.
+#
+proc cksum {x} {
+  set i1 1
+  set i2 2
+  binary scan $x c* L
+  foreach {a b} $L {
+    set i1 [expr (($i2<<3) + $a) & 0x7FFFFFFF]
+    set i2 [expr (($i1<<3) + $b) & 0x7FFFFFFF]
+  }
+  list $i1 $i2
+}
+db func cksum cksum
+
+do_execsql_test sort-14.0 {
+  PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+  CREATE TABLE t11(a, b);
+  INSERT INTO t11 VALUES(randomblob(5000), NULL);
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --2
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --3
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --4
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --5
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --6
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --7
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --8
+  INSERT INTO t11 SELECT randomblob(5000), NULL FROM t11; --9
+  UPDATE t11 SET b = cksum(a);
+}
+
+foreach {tn mmap_limit} {
+  1 0
+  2 1000000
+} {
+  do_test sort-14.$tn {
+    sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $mmap_limit
+    set prev ""
+    db eval { SELECT * FROM t11 ORDER BY b } {
+      if {$b != [cksum $a]} {error "checksum failed"}
+      if {[string compare $b $prev] < 0} {error "sort failed"}
+      set prev $b
+    }
+    set {} {}
+  } {}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+foreach {tn mmap_limit nWorker tmpstore coremutex fakeheap softheaplimit} {
+          1          0       3     file      true    false             0
+          2          0       3     file      true     true             0
+          3          0       0     file      true    false             0
+          4    1000000       3     file      true    false             0
+          5          0       0   memory     false     true             0
+          6          0       0     file     false     true       1000000     
+          7          0       0     file     false     true         10000
+} {
+  db close
+  sqlite3_shutdown
+  sqlite3_config_worker_threads $nWorker
+  if {$coremutex} {
+    sqlite3_config multithread
+  } else {
+    sqlite3_config singlethread
+  }
+  sqlite3_initialize
+  sorter_test_fakeheap $fakeheap
+  sqlite3_soft_heap_limit $softheaplimit
+
+  reset_db
+  sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $mmap_limit
+  execsql "PRAGMA temp_store = $tmpstore"
+  
+  set ten [string repeat X 10300]
+  set one [string repeat y   200]
+
+  if {$softheaplimit} {
+    execsql { PRAGMA cache_size = 20 };
+  } else {
+    execsql { PRAGMA cache_size = 5 };
+  }
+
+  do_execsql_test 15.$tn.1 {
+    WITH rr AS (
+      SELECT 4, $ten UNION ALL
+      SELECT 2, $one UNION ALL
+      SELECT 1, $ten UNION ALL
+      SELECT 3, $one
+    )
+    SELECT * FROM rr ORDER BY 1;
+  } [list 1 $ten 2 $one 3 $one 4 $ten]
+
+  do_execsql_test 15.$tn.2 {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(5);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(6);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a);
+    SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
+  } {1 2 3 4 5 6}
+
+  do_execsql_test 15.$tn.3 {
+    WITH rr AS (
+      SELECT 4, $ten UNION ALL
+      SELECT 2, $one
+    )
+    SELECT * FROM rr ORDER BY 1;
+  } [list 2 $one 4 $ten]
+
+  sorter_test_fakeheap 0
+}
+
+db close
+sqlite3_shutdown
+sqlite3_config_worker_threads 0
+set t(0) singlethread
+set t(1) multithread
+set t(2) serialized
+sqlite3_config $t($sqlite_options(threadsafe))
+sqlite3_initialize
+sqlite3_soft_heap_limit 0
+
+reset_db
+do_catchsql_test 16.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, 2, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, NULL);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 5, 6);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i1 ON t1(b, a, c);
+} {0 {}}
+reset_db
+do_catchsql_test 16.2 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, NULL, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, NULL);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4, 5, 6);
+  CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i1 ON t1(b, a, c);
+} {1 {UNIQUE constraint failed: t1.b, t1.a, t1.c}}
+
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 17.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM sqlite_master ORDER BY sql;
+} {}
+
 finish_test
+
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# 2014 March 25.
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. 
+#
+# Specifically, the tests in this file attempt to verify that 
+# multi-threaded sorting works.
+#
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix sort2
+
+foreach {tn script} {
+  1 { }
+  2 {
+    catch { db close }
+    sqlite3_shutdown
+    sqlite3_config_worker_threads 7
+    reset_db
+  }
+} {
+
+  eval $script
+
+  do_execsql_test $tn.1 {
+    PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+    WITH r(x,y) AS (
+      SELECT 1, randomblob(100)
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT x+1, randomblob(100) FROM r
+      LIMIT 100000
+    )
+    SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5)
+  } {
+    20000 100 20000 100 20000 100 20000 100 20000 100
+  }
+
+  do_execsql_test $tn.2.1 {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
+    WITH r(x,y) AS (
+      SELECT 1, randomblob(100)
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT x+1, randomblob(100) FROM r
+      LIMIT 10000
+    ) INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM r;
+  }
+  
+  do_execsql_test $tn.2.2 {
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i1 ON t1(b, a);
+  }
+  
+  do_execsql_test $tn.2.3 {
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i2 ON t1(a);
+  }
+  
+  do_execsql_test $tn.2.4 { PRAGMA integrity_check } {ok}
+  
+  breakpoint
+  do_execsql_test $tn.3 {
+    PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+    WITH r(x,y) AS (
+      SELECT 1, randomblob(100)
+      UNION ALL
+      SELECT x+1, randomblob(100) FROM r
+      LIMIT 1000000
+    )
+    SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5)
+  } {
+    200000 100 200000 100 200000 100 200000 100 200000 100
+  }
+  
+  db close
+  sqlite3_shutdown
+  sqlite3_config_worker_threads 0
+  sqlite3_initialize
+
+}
+
+finish_test
+
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# 2014 March 25.
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. 
+#
+# The tests in this file verify that sorting works when the library is
+# configured to use mmap(), but the temporary files generated by the
+# sorter are too large to be completely mapped.
+#
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix sort3
+
+# Sort roughly 20MB of data. Once with a mmap limit of 5MB and once without.
+#
+foreach {itest limit} {
+  1 5000000
+  2 0x7FFFFFFF
+} {
+  sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $limit
+  do_execsql_test 1.$itest {
+    WITH r(x,y) AS (
+        SELECT 1, randomblob(1000)
+        UNION ALL
+        SELECT x+1, randomblob(1000) FROM r
+        LIMIT 20000
+    )
+    SELECT count(*), sum(length(y)) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5);
+  } {
+    4000 4000000 
+    4000 4000000 
+    4000 4000000 
+    4000 4000000 
+    4000 4000000
+  }
+}
+
+# Sort more than 2GB of data. At one point this was causing a problem.
+# This test might take one minute or more to run.
+#
+do_execsql_test 2 {
+  PRAGMA cache_size = 20000;
+  WITH r(x,y) AS (
+    SELECT 1, randomblob(1000)
+    UNION ALL
+    SELECT x+1, randomblob(1000) FROM r
+    LIMIT 2200000
+  )
+  SELECT count(*), sum(length(y)) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5);
+} {
+  440000 440000000 
+  440000 440000000 
+  440000 440000000 
+  440000 440000000 
+  440000 440000000
+}
+
+finish_test
+
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# 2014 May 6.
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. 
+#
+# The tests in this file are brute force tests of the multi-threaded
+# sorter.
+#
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix sort4
+
+# Configure the sorter to use 3 background threads.
+catch { db close }
+sqlite3_shutdown
+sqlite3_config_worker_threads 3
+sqlite3_initialize
+reset_db
+
+# Minimum number of seconds to run for. If the value is 0, each test
+# is run exactly once. Otherwise, tests are repeated until the timeout
+# expires.
+set SORT4TIMEOUT 0
+if {[permutation] == "multithread"} { set SORT4TIMEOUT 300 }
+
+#--------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Set up a table "t1" containing $nRow rows. Each row contains also
+# contains blob fields that collectively contain at least $nPayload 
+# bytes of content. The table schema is as follows:
+#
+#   CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER, <extra-columns>, b INTEGER);
+#
+# For each row, the values of columns "a" and "b" are set to the same
+# pseudo-randomly selected integer. The "extra-columns", of which there
+# are at most eight, are named c0, c1, c2 etc. Column c0 contains a 4
+# byte string. Column c1 an 8 byte string. Field c2 16 bytes, and so on.
+#
+# This table is intended to be used for testing queries of the form: 
+#
+#   SELECT a, <cols>, b FROM t1 ORDER BY a;
+#
+# The test code checks that rows are returned in order, and that the 
+# values of "a" and "b" are the same for each row (the idea being that
+# if field "b" at the end of the sorter record has not been corrupted, 
+# the rest of the record is probably Ok as well).
+#
+proc populate_table {nRow nPayload} {
+  set nCol 0
+
+  set n 0
+  for {set nCol 0} {$n < $nPayload} {incr nCol} {
+    incr n [expr (4 << $nCol)]
+  }
+
+  set cols [lrange [list xxx c0 c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7] 1 $nCol]
+  set data [lrange [list xxx \
+      randomblob(4) randomblob(8) randomblob(16) randomblob(32) \
+      randomblob(64) randomblob(128) randomblob(256) randomblob(512) \
+  ] 1 $nCol]
+
+  execsql { DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1 }
+
+  db transaction {
+    execsql "CREATE TABLE t1(a, [join $cols ,], b);"
+    set insert "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(:k, [join $data ,], :k)"
+    for {set i 0} {$i < $nRow} {incr i} {
+      set k [expr int(rand()*1000000000)]
+      execsql $insert
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+# Helper for [do_sorter_test]
+#
+proc sorter_test {nRow nRead nPayload} {
+  set res [list]
+
+  set nLoad [expr ($nRow > $nRead) ? $nRead : $nRow]
+
+  set nPayload [expr (($nPayload+3)/4) * 4]
+  set cols [list]
+  foreach {mask col} { 
+    0x04  c0 0x08  c1 0x10  c2 0x20  c3 
+    0x40  c4 0x80  c5 0x100 c6 0x200 c7 
+  } {
+    if {$nPayload & $mask} { lappend cols $col }
+  }
+
+  # Create two SELECT statements. Statement $sql1 uses the sorter to sort
+  # $nRow records of a bit over $nPayload bytes each read from the "t1"
+  # table created by [populate_table] proc above. Rows are sorted in order
+  # of the integer field in each "t1" record.
+  #
+  # The second SQL statement sorts the same set of rows as the first, but
+  # uses a LIMIT clause, causing SQLite to use a temp table instead of the
+  # sorter for sorting.
+  #
+  set sql1 "SELECT a, [join $cols ,], b FROM t1 WHERE rowid<=$nRow ORDER BY a"
+  set sql2 "SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE rowid<=$nRow ORDER BY a LIMIT $nRead"
+
+  # Pass the two SQL statements to a helper command written in C. This
+  # command steps statement $sql1 $nRead times and compares the integer
+  # values in the rows returned with the results of executing $sql2. If
+  # the comparison fails (indicating some bug in the sorter), a Tcl
+  # exception is thrown.
+  #
+  sorter_test_sort4_helper db $sql1 $nRead $sql2
+  set {} {} 
+}
+
+# Usage:
+#
+#   do_sorter_test <testname> <args>...
+#
+# where <args> are any of the following switches:
+#
+#   -rows N          (number of rows to have sorter sort)
+#   -read N          (number of rows to read out of sorter)
+#   -payload N       (bytes of payload to read with each row)
+#   -cachesize N     (Value for "PRAGMA cache_size = ?")
+#   -repeats N       (number of times to repeat test)
+#   -fakeheap BOOL   (true to use separate allocations for in-memory records)
+#
+proc do_sorter_test {tn args} {
+  set a(-rows)      1000
+  set a(-repeats)   1
+  set a(-read)      100
+  set a(-payload)   100
+  set a(-cachesize) 100
+  set a(-fakeheap)  0
+
+  foreach {s val} $args {
+    if {[info exists a($s)]==0} { 
+      unset a(-cachesize)
+      set optlist "[join [array names a] ,] or -cachesize"
+      error "Unknown option $s, expected $optlist"
+    }
+    set a($s) $val
+  }
+  if {[permutation] == "memsys3" || [permutation] == "memsys5"} {
+    set a(-fakeheap) 0
+  }
+  if {$a(-fakeheap)} { sorter_test_fakeheap 1 }
+
+
+  db eval "PRAGMA cache_size = $a(-cachesize)"
+  do_test $tn [subst -nocommands {
+    for {set i 0} {[set i] < $a(-repeats)} {incr i} {
+      sorter_test $a(-rows) $a(-read) $a(-payload)
+    }
+  }] {}
+
+  if {$a(-fakeheap)} { sorter_test_fakeheap 0 }
+}
+
+proc clock_seconds {} {
+  db one {SELECT strftime('%s')}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Begin tests here.
+
+# Create a test database.
+do_test 1 {
+  execsql "PRAGMA page_size = 4096"
+  populate_table 100000 500
+} {}
+
+set iTimeLimit [expr [clock_seconds] + $SORT4TIMEOUT]
+
+for {set t 2} {1} {incr tn} {
+  do_sorter_test $t.2 -repeats 10 -rows 1000   -read 100
+  do_sorter_test $t.3 -repeats 10 -rows 100000 -read 1000
+  do_sorter_test $t.4 -repeats 10 -rows 100000 -read 1000 -payload 500
+  do_sorter_test $t.5 -repeats 10 -rows 100000 -read 100000 -payload 8
+  do_sorter_test $t.6 -repeats 10 -rows 100000 -read 10 -payload 8
+  do_sorter_test $t.7 -repeats 10 -rows 10000 -read 10000 -payload 8 -fakeheap 1
+  do_sorter_test $t.8 -repeats 10 -rows 100000 -read 10000 -cachesize 250
+
+  set iNow [clock_seconds]
+  if {$iNow>=$iTimeLimit} break
+  do_test "$testprefix-([expr $iTimeLimit-$iNow] seconds remain)" {} {}
+}
+
+catch { db close }
+sqlite3_shutdown
+sqlite3_config_worker_threads 0
+sqlite3_initialize
+finish_test
+
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# 2014 March 25.
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. 
+#
+# Specifically, it tests the effects of fault injection on the sorter
+# module (code in vdbesort.c).
+#
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix sortfault
+
+do_execsql_test 1.0 {
+  PRAGMA cache_size = 5;
+}
+
+foreach {tn mmap_limit nWorker tmpstore threadsmode fakeheap lookaside} {
+          1          0       0     file multithread    false     false
+          2     100000       0     file multithread    false     false
+          3     100000       1     file multithread    false     false
+          4    2000000       0     file singlethread   false      true
+} {
+  if {$sqlite_options(threadsafe)} { set threadsmode singlethread }
+
+  catch { db close }
+  sqlite3_shutdown
+  sqlite3_config_worker_threads $nWorker
+  sqlite3_config $threadsmode
+  if { $lookaside } {
+    sqlite3_config_lookaside 100 500
+  } else {
+    sqlite3_config_lookaside 0 0
+  }
+  sqlite3_initialize
+  sorter_test_fakeheap $fakeheap
+
+  set str [string repeat a 1000]
+  puts $threadsmode
+
+  do_faultsim_test 1.$tn -prep {
+    sqlite3 db test.db
+    sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $::mmap_limit
+    execsql { PRAGMA cache_size = 5 }
+  } -body {
+    execsql { 
+      WITH r(x,y) AS (
+          SELECT 1, $::str
+          UNION ALL
+          SELECT x+1, $::str FROM r
+          LIMIT 200
+      )
+      SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY (x%5)
+    }
+  } -test {
+    faultsim_test_result {0 {40 1000 40 1000 40 1000 40 1000 40 1000}}
+  }
+
+  do_faultsim_test 2.$tn -faults oom* -prep {
+    sqlite3 db test.db
+    sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $::mmap_limit
+    add_test_utf16bin_collate db
+    execsql { PRAGMA cache_size = 5 }
+  } -body {
+    execsql { 
+      WITH r(x,y) AS (
+          SELECT 100, $::str
+          UNION ALL
+          SELECT x-1, $::str FROM r
+          LIMIT 100
+      )
+      SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY y COLLATE utf16bin, (x%5)
+    }
+  } -test {
+    faultsim_test_result {0 {20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000 20 1000}}
+  }
+
+  if {$mmap_limit > 1000000} {
+    set str2 [string repeat $str 10]
+
+    sqlite3_memdebug_vfs_oom_test 0
+    sqlite3 db test.db
+    sqlite3_test_control SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP db $::mmap_limit
+    execsql { PRAGMA cache_size = 5 }
+
+    do_faultsim_test 3.$tn -faults oom-trans* -body {
+      execsql { 
+        WITH r(x,y) AS (
+            SELECT 300, $::str2
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT x-1, $::str2 FROM r
+            LIMIT 300
+        )
+        SELECT count(x), length(y) FROM r GROUP BY y, (x%5)
+      }
+    } -test {
+      faultsim_test_result {0 {60 10000 60 10000 60 10000 60 10000 60 10000}}
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_memdebug_vfs_oom_test 1
+  }
+}
+
+catch { db close }
+sqlite3_shutdown
+sqlite3_config_worker_threads 0
+set t(0) singlethread
+set t(1) multithread
+set t(2) serialized
+sqlite3_config $t($sqlite_options(threadsafe))
+sqlite3_config_lookaside 100 500
+sqlite3_initialize
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+reset_db
+do_execsql_test 4.0 { 
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c); 
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2, 3);
+}
+do_test 4.1 { 
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 256} {incr i} {
+    execsql { 
+      INSERT INTO t1 SELECT
+        ((a<<3) + b) & 2147483647,
+        ((b<<3) + c) & 2147483647,
+        ((c<<3) + a) & 2147483647
+      FROM t1 ORDER BY rowid DESC LIMIT 1;
+    }
+  }
+} {}
+
+faultsim_save_and_close
+
+do_faultsim_test 4.2 -faults oom* -prep {
+  faultsim_restore_and_reopen
+} -body {
+  execsql { CREATE UNIQUE INDEX i1 ON t1(a,b,c) }
+} -test {
+  faultsim_test_result {0 {}}
+}
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#
+reset_db
+set a [string repeat a 500]
+set b [string repeat b 500]
+set c [string repeat c 500]
+do_execsql_test 5.0 { 
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c); 
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($a, $b, $c); 
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($c, $b, $a); 
+}
+
+do_faultsim_test 5.1 -faults oom* -body {
+  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a }
+} -test {
+  faultsim_test_result [list 0 [list $::a $::b $::c $::c $::b $::a]]
+}
+
+finish_test
+
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ static const char zHelp[] =
  "  --stats             Show statistics at the end\n"
  "  --testset T         Run test-set T\n"
  "  --trace             Turn on SQL tracing\n"
+  "  --threads N         Use up to N threads for sorting\n"
  "  --utf16be           Set text encoding to UTF-16BE\n"
  "  --utf16le           Set text encoding to UTF-16LE\n"
+  "  --verify            Run additional verification steps.\n"
  "  --without-rowid     Use WITHOUT ROWID where appropriate\n"
 ;

@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ static struct Global {
  int bReprepare;            /* True to reprepare the SQL on each rerun */
  int bSqlOnly;              /* True to print the SQL once only */
  int bExplain;              /* Print SQL with EXPLAIN prefix */
+  int bVerify;               /* Try to verify that results are correct */
  int szTest;                /* Scale factor for test iterations */
  const char *zWR;           /* Might be WITHOUT ROWID */
  const char *zNN;           /* Might be NOT NULL */
@@ -931,6 +934,183 @@ void testset_cte(void){

 }

+/* Generate two numbers between 1 and mx.  The first number is less than
+** the second.  Usually the numbers are near each other but can sometimes
+** be far apart.
+*/
+static void twoCoords(
+  int p1, int p2,                   /* Parameters adjusting sizes */
+  unsigned mx,                      /* Range of 1..mx */
+  unsigned *pX0, unsigned *pX1      /* OUT: write results here */
+){
+  unsigned d, x0, x1, span;
+
+  span = mx/100 + 1;
+  if( speedtest1_random()%3==0 ) span *= p1;
+  if( speedtest1_random()%p2==0 ) span = mx/2;
+  d = speedtest1_random()%span + 1;
+  x0 = speedtest1_random()%(mx-d) + 1;
+  x1 = x0 + d;
+  *pX0 = x0;
+  *pX1 = x1;
+}
+
+/* The following routine is an R-Tree geometry callback.  It returns
+** true if the object overlaps a slice on the Y coordinate between the
+** two values given as arguments.  In other words
+**
+**     SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH xslice(10,20);
+**
+** Is the same as saying:
+**
+**     SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE y1>=10 AND y0<=20;
+*/
+static int xsliceGeometryCallback(
+  sqlite3_rtree_geometry *p,
+  int nCoord,
+  double *aCoord,
+  int *pRes
+){
+  *pRes = aCoord[3]>=p->aParam[0] && aCoord[2]<=p->aParam[1];
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** A testset for the R-Tree virtual table
+*/
+void testset_rtree(int p1, int p2){
+  unsigned i, n;
+  unsigned mxCoord;
+  unsigned x0, x1, y0, y1, z0, z1;
+  unsigned iStep;
+  int *aCheck = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(int)*g.szTest*100 );
+
+  mxCoord = 15000;
+  n = g.szTest*100;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(100, "%d INSERTs into an r-tree", n);
+  speedtest1_exec("BEGIN");
+  speedtest1_exec("CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE rt1 USING rtree(id,x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1)");
+  speedtest1_prepare("INSERT INTO rt1(id,x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1)"
+                     "VALUES(?1,?2,?3,?4,?5,?6,?7)");
+  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
+    twoCoords(p1, p2, mxCoord, &x0, &x1);
+    twoCoords(p1, p2, mxCoord, &y0, &y1);
+    twoCoords(p1, p2, mxCoord, &z0, &z1);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, x0);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 3, x1);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 4, y0);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 5, y1);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 6, z0);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 7, z1);
+    speedtest1_run();
+  }
+  speedtest1_exec("COMMIT");
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  speedtest1_begin_test(101, "Copy from rtree to a regular table");
+  speedtest1_exec("CREATE TABLE t1(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,x0,x1,y0,y1,z0,z1)");
+  speedtest1_exec("INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM rt1");
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  n = g.szTest*20;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(110, "%d one-dimensional intersect slice queries", n);
+  speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE x0>=?1 AND x1<=?2");
+  iStep = mxCoord/n;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+    speedtest1_run();
+    aCheck[i] = atoi(g.zResult);
+  }
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  if( g.bVerify ){
+    n = g.szTest*20;
+    speedtest1_begin_test(111, "Verify result from 1-D intersect slice queries");
+    speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM t1 WHERE x0>=?1 AND x1<=?2");
+    iStep = mxCoord/n;
+    for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+      sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+      sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+      speedtest1_run();
+      if( aCheck[i]!=atoi(g.zResult) ){
+        fatal_error("Count disagree step %d: %d..%d.  %d vs %d",
+                    i, i*iStep, (i+1)*iStep, aCheck[i], atoi(g.zResult));
+      }
+    }
+    speedtest1_end_test();
+  }
+  
+  n = g.szTest*20;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(120, "%d one-dimensional overlap slice queries", n);
+  speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE y1>=?1 AND y0<=?2");
+  iStep = mxCoord/n;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+    speedtest1_run();
+    aCheck[i] = atoi(g.zResult);
+  }
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  if( g.bVerify ){
+    n = g.szTest*20;
+    speedtest1_begin_test(121, "Verify result from 1-D overlap slice queries");
+    speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM t1 WHERE y1>=?1 AND y0<=?2");
+    iStep = mxCoord/n;
+    for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+      sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+      sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+      speedtest1_run();
+      if( aCheck[i]!=atoi(g.zResult) ){
+        fatal_error("Count disagree step %d: %d..%d.  %d vs %d",
+                    i, i*iStep, (i+1)*iStep, aCheck[i], atoi(g.zResult));
+      }
+    }
+    speedtest1_end_test();
+  }
+  
+
+  n = g.szTest*20;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(125, "%d custom geometry callback queries", n);
+  sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback(g.db, "xslice", xsliceGeometryCallback, 0);
+  speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE id MATCH xslice(?1,?2)");
+  iStep = mxCoord/n;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+    speedtest1_run();
+    if( aCheck[i]!=atoi(g.zResult) ){
+      fatal_error("Count disagree step %d: %d..%d.  %d vs %d",
+                  i, i*iStep, (i+1)*iStep, aCheck[i], atoi(g.zResult));
+    }
+  }
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  n = g.szTest*80;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(130, "%d three-dimensional intersect box queries", n);
+  speedtest1_prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM rt1 WHERE x1>=?1 AND x0<=?2"
+                     " AND y1>=?1 AND y0<=?2 AND z1>=?1 AND z0<=?2");
+  iStep = mxCoord/n;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i*iStep);
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 2, (i+1)*iStep);
+    speedtest1_run();
+    aCheck[i] = atoi(g.zResult);
+  }
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+
+  n = g.szTest*100;
+  speedtest1_begin_test(140, "%d rowid queries", n);
+  speedtest1_prepare("SELECT * FROM rt1 WHERE id=?1");
+  for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
+    sqlite3_bind_int(g.pStmt, 1, i);
+    speedtest1_run();
+  }
+  speedtest1_end_test();
+}
+
 /*
 ** A testset used for debugging speedtest1 itself.
 */
@@ -962,6 +1142,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
  int nPCache = 0, szPCache = 0;/* --pcache configuration */
  int nScratch = 0, szScratch=0;/* --scratch configuration */
  int showStats = 0;            /* True for --stats */
+  int nThread = 0;              /* --threads value */
  const char *zTSet = "main";   /* Which --testset torun */
  int doTrace = 0;              /* True for --trace */
  const char *zEncoding = 0;    /* --utf16be or --utf16le */
@@ -1046,10 +1227,15 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
        zTSet = argv[++i];
      }else if( strcmp(z,"trace")==0 ){
        doTrace = 1;
+      }else if( strcmp(z,"threads")==0 ){
+        if( i>=argc-1 ) fatal_error("missing argument on %s\n", argv[i]);
+        nThread = integerValue(argv[++i]);
      }else if( strcmp(z,"utf16le")==0 ){
        zEncoding = "utf16le";
      }else if( strcmp(z,"utf16be")==0 ){
        zEncoding = "utf16be";
+      }else if( strcmp(z,"verify")==0 ){
+        g.bVerify = 1;
      }else if( strcmp(z,"without-rowid")==0 ){
        g.zWR = "WITHOUT ROWID";
        g.zPK = "PRIMARY KEY";
@@ -1092,6 +1278,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
    rc = sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, pScratch, szScratch, nScratch);
    if( rc ) fatal_error("scratch configuration failed: %d\n", rc);
  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS
+  if( nThread>0 ){
+    sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_WORKER_THREADS, nThread);
+  }
+#endif
  if( nLook>0 ){
    sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE, 0, 0);
  }
@@ -1141,8 +1332,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
    testset_debug1();
  }else if( strcmp(zTSet,"cte")==0 ){
    testset_cte();
+  }else if( strcmp(zTSet,"rtree")==0 ){
+    testset_rtree(6, 147);
  }else{
-    fatal_error("unknown testset: \"%s\"\n", zTSet);
+    fatal_error("unknown testset: \"%s\"\nChoices: main debug1 cte rtree\n",
+                 zTSet);
  }
  speedtest1_final();

@@ -1076,6 +1076,7 @@ proc explain_i {sql {db db}} {
  foreach opcode {
      Seek SeekGe SeekGt SeekLe SeekLt NotFound Last Rewind
      NoConflict Next Prev VNext VPrev VFilter
+      SorterSort SorterNext
  } {
    set color($opcode) $B
  }
@@ -1098,6 +1099,7 @@ proc explain_i {sql {db db}} {

    if {$opcode=="Next"  || $opcode=="Prev" 
     || $opcode=="VNext" || $opcode=="VPrev"
+     || $opcode=="SorterNext"
    } {
      for {set i $p2} {$i<$addr} {incr i} {
        incr x($i) 2
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# 2014 April 26
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# Test that ticket f67b41381a has been resolved.
+#
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix tkt-f67b41381a
+
+do_execsql_test 1.0 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
+  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
+  ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN b DEFAULT 2;
+  CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
+  INSERT INTO t2 SELECT * FROM t1;
+  SELECT * FROM t2;
+} {1 2}
+
+db cache size 0
+foreach {tn tbls xfer} {
+  1 { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b); CREATE TABLE t2(a, b)             }             1
+  2 { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b DEFAULT 'x'); CREATE TABLE t2(a, b) }             0
+  3 { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b DEFAULT 'x'); CREATE TABLE t2(a, b DEFAULT 'x') } 1
+  4 { CREATE TABLE t1(a, b DEFAULT NULL); CREATE TABLE t2(a, b) }            0
+  5 { CREATE TABLE t1(a DEFAULT 2, b); CREATE TABLE t2(a DEFAULT 1, b) }     1
+  6 { CREATE TABLE t1(a DEFAULT 1, b); CREATE TABLE t2(a DEFAULT 1, b) }     1
+  7 { CREATE TABLE t1(a DEFAULT 1, b DEFAULT 1);
+      CREATE TABLE t2(a DEFAULT 3, b DEFAULT 1) }                            1
+  8 { CREATE TABLE t1(a DEFAULT 1, b DEFAULT 1);
+      CREATE TABLE t2(a DEFAULT 3, b DEFAULT 3) }                            0
+
+} {
+
+  execsql { DROP TABLE t1; DROP TABLE t2 }
+  execsql $tbls
+
+  set res 1
+  db eval { EXPLAIN INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM t2 } {
+    if {$opcode == "Column"} { set res 0 }
+  }
+
+  do_test 2.$tn [list set res] $xfer
+}
+
+finish_test
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ foreach idxmode {ordered unordered} {
    1   "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a"
        {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1}}
        {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1} 0 0 0 {USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY}}
-    2   "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a >?"
+    2   "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a > 100"
        {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (a>?)}}
        {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}}
    3   "SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a = ? ORDER BY rowid"
@@ -811,7 +811,13 @@ do_test wal2-7.1.1 {
 do_test wal2-7.1.2 {
  forcecopy test.db test2.db
  forcecopy test.db-wal test2.db-wal
-  hexio_write test2.db-wal 48 FF
+  # The first 32 bytes of the WAL file contain the WAL header. Offset 48
+  # is the first byte of the checksum for the first frame in the WAL. 
+  # The following three lines replaces the contents of that byte with 
+  # a different value.
+  set newval FF
+  if {$newval == [hexio_read test2.db-wal 48 1]} { set newval 00 }
+  hexio_write test2.db-wal 48 $newval
 } {1}
 do_test wal2-7.1.3 {
  sqlite3 db2 test2.db
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ do_execsql_test where3-3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t301(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,b,c);
  CREATE INDEX t301c ON t301(c);
  INSERT INTO t301 VALUES(1,2,3);
+  INSERT INTO t301 VALUES(2,2,3);
  CREATE TABLE t302(x, y);
  INSERT INTO t302 VALUES(4,5);
  ANALYZE;
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ do_execsql_test where3-3.2 {
 } {}
 do_execsql_test where3-3.3 {
  SELECT * FROM t301 WHERE c=3 AND a IS NOT NULL;
-} {1 2 3}
+} {1 2 3 2 2 3}

 if 0 {  # Query planner no longer does this
 # Verify that when there are multiple tables in a join which must be
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@

 set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
 source $testdir/tester.tcl
+set testprefix whereG

 do_execsql_test whereG-1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE composer(
@@ -179,5 +180,46 @@ do_execsql_test whereG-4.0 {
   ORDER BY x;
 } {right}

+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test that likelihood() specifications on indexed terms are taken into 
+# account by various forms of loops.
+#
+#   5.1.*: open ended range scans
+#   5.2.*: skip-scans
+#
+reset_db
+
+do_execsql_test 5.1 {
+  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b, c);
+  CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b);
+}
+do_eqp_test 5.1.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a>?
+} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (a>?)}}
+do_eqp_test 5.1.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(a>?, 0.9)
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}}
+
+do_test 5.2 {
+  for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
+    execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc', $i, $i); }
+  }
+  execsql { INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 'def', b, c FROM t1; }
+  execsql { ANALYZE }
+} {}
+do_eqp_test 5.2.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(b>?, 0.01)
+} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (ANY(a) AND b>?)}}
+do_eqp_test 5.2.3 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(b>?, 0.9)
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}}
+
+do_eqp_test 5.3.1 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a=?
+} {0 0 0 {SEARCH TABLE t1 USING INDEX i1 (a=?)}}
+do_eqp_test 5.3.2 {
+  SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE likelihood(a=?, 0.9)
+} {0 0 0 {SCAN TABLE t1}}

 finish_test
+
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ static LogEst logEstFromDouble(double x){
  LogEst e;
  assert( sizeof(x)==8 && sizeof(a)==8 );
  if( x<=0.0 ) return -32768;
-  if( x<1.0 ) return -logEstFromDouble(1/x);
+  if( x<0.01 ) return -logEstFromDouble(1.0/x);
+  if( x<1.0 ) return logEstFromDouble(100.0*x) - 66;
  if( x<1024.0 ) return logEstFromInteger((sqlite3_uint64)(1024.0*x)) - 100;
  if( x<=2000000000.0 ) return logEstFromInteger((sqlite3_uint64)x);
  memcpy(&a, &x, 8);
@@ -156,8 +157,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
    }
  }
  for(i=n-1; i>=0; i--){
-    if( a[i]<0 ){
+    if( a[i]<-40 ){
      printf("%5d (%f)\n", a[i], 1.0/(double)logEstToInt(-a[i]));
+    }else if( a[i]<10 ){
+      printf("%5d (%f)\n", a[i], logEstToInt(a[i]+100)/1024.0);
    }else{
      sqlite3_uint64 x = logEstToInt(a[i]+100)*100/1024;
      printf("%5d (%lld.%02lld)\n", a[i], x/100, x%100);
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ foreach file {
   malloc.c
   printf.c
   random.c
+   threads.c
   utf.c
   util.c
   hash.c
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ foreach file {
   malloc.c
   printf.c
   random.c
+   threads.c
   utf.c
   util.c
   hash.c